Outline of Law Enforcement Essay - 1487 Words

Law Enforcement Angela Primiano CRJ 201 Instructor: Donald Mason January 13, 2012 Every society has rules to go by and laws that must not be broken and along with that is the criminal justice that even gives the criminal rights. Criminals in the United States are to be given their rights and not to have harm to them in any way under the justice system as they may be freed from their prosecution and their case be acquitted if found in their favor if an act of unjust or immoral conduct has been found. Law enforcement professionals must execute justice by upholding the law in an ethical and constitutional manner. â€Å"The United States Department of Justice seeks to prevent or resolve community conflicts and tensions arising†¦show more content†¦Bandura believes that people decide whether or not to adopt what behavior’s they observe (Bandura, 1977). There is a common perception that a criminal is has suffered a deprived childhood, or is from a broken home and lacks a good education etc, but this is not true fact as there is all kinds that go astray and for no apparent reason. As someone may have a good life and has made it big and all of a sudden that is not good enough for them and they decide that embezzling millions from their company they work for is a good ideal for unknown reasons. Law enforcement professionals use criminal theory to understand criminal actions as Sutherlands major sociological contribution to criminology was a differential association theory as it was similar to the importance to the strain theory and social control theory. The individuals social relationship explains the deviance of these theories. Both biological and classical theories, poses no obvious threats to the humane treatment of those identified as criminals.(Gaylord, 1988:1) In the 1939 edition of Principles of Criminology, the first statement of the theory of differential association appears and in the fourth edition as he presents his final theory. As follows his theory has 9 basic postulates. 1. Criminal behav ior is learned. Criminal behavior is not inherited and does not invent criminal behavior. 2. Criminal behavior is learned throughShow MoreRelatedCom176 outline and thesis statement1246 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Outline and Thesis Statement Guide Create an outline that includes details that support your thesis. Identify at least three main points and at least two supporting details per main point. Write all supporting details and subdetails in complete sentences. Include both in-text citations in the outline and a references page following the outline. 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Corporate Social Responsibility at Bread Talk Essay

This research paper will discuss the basis of the open system, Corporate Social Responsibility practiced by BreadTalk, understanding of cultural differences and steps that could be taken to promote cross cultural awareness. Breadtalk Founded in 2000, BreadTalk have grown to become one of the top local brands and operates more than 330 bakery outlets, 31 food courts and 13 restaurants across Singapore, Asia and Middle East. BreadTalk have been consistently advocating the open systems loop efficiently, which allowed them to constantly create new products at least twice a year and maintaining their edge. This research paper will show an example of the open system in the continuous flow chart as shown below. Q1) Corporate Social†¦show more content†¦Every 30 cents for every special set sold was donated to ABLE, raising close to $50, 000 for the charity. All these CSR initiatives further reinforce media coverage, improves impression and reputation of BreadTalk. Studies showed (Greening and Turban, 2000), CSR increases the effectiveness of an organization and entices prospective employees to join. An organization’s social performance shows prospective employees a rough gauge on how it is like, working for them and what is expected of them. Applying this to the research case, by committing to more CSR initiatives, this in return attracts employees of same beliefs and values to BreadTalk which then increases organization commitment and improves organization behaviour. The strong emphasis on CSR in BreadTalk allows individuals to develop self-concept; it is an underlying force that motivates employee’s behaviour to align with BreadTalk’s values. This creates a multiplier effect, resulting employees to feel belonged and this increases the willingness to put in work effort. Applying the performance equation; with high level of similar attributes, increased willingness in work effort and high organizational support, this can be assumed that there is an increase in job performance. Thus, CSR influences and improves the self-belief of an individual and ultimately helps create a positive environment for employees to perform in. Q2) Cultural differences refers to the different beliefs,Show MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility and The Peace Panda Program in China691 Words   |  3 PagesCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is defined as an initiative by companies to manage its business, positive image and reputation that reflects from its business on the society, such as the environment and its impact on the society. BreadTalk, with business expansions into China, had a program which practiced corporate social responsibility during the Sichuan Earthquake incident. It was undoubtedly one of China’s most devastating natural disasters. BreadTalk came up with a â€Å"Peace Panda† programRead MoreWork Life Balance : Myth Or Reality? Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesWork-Life Balance: Myth or Reality? The period of the mid-nineteenth century to the dawn of the twentieth century is characterized by a patriarchal society and female dependence, with women struggling to attain social equality. Women, who were previously unable to hold dominant positions in society, have now become active participants in all aspects of modern life. Society today has started recognizing the individual identity of women. 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It is willing to follow the sourcing strategies. It gives importance to fair trade practices. Another impact is the need to follow the laws and regulations in the countries from where Starbucks buys the raw materials. ActivismRead MoreTerm2139 Words   |  9 Pagesduring Challenging Times Ammanda Bullough; Maija Renko English PDF | BH534-PDF-ENG How Entrepreneurs Craft Strategies That Work Amar V. Bhide English PDF | 94202-PDF-ENG Apple s Core Noam Wasserman English PDF | 809063-PDF-ENG Iggy s Bread of the World Alexis Gendron; Kathleen L. McGinn English PDF | 801282-PDF-ENG Note on Business Model Analysis for the Entrepreneur Richard G. Hamermesh; Paul W. 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The Antitrust Laws Free Essays

The American government has engaged in the development of creating and enforcing legislation as the course of action for everyone to follow when dealing with labor issues and the workforce. In my research I found several pieces of legislation such as the Sherman Antitrust Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Act (Federal Trade Commission, n.d. We will write a custom essay sample on The Antitrust Laws or any similar topic only for you Order Now ), and per text the Wagner Act of 1935, and the Taft-Hartley Act (DeCenzo, 2016). Congress passed these legislation as the determining element in how much control that management and/or unions would have in protecting the rights of the workers and the organizations.The US government has been tangled in the development of acting as a intermediary among the corporations and unions with labor clashes. In the 1800’s, there wasn’t many laws that would govern how unions would operate within the organization. So in the early stages of unions organizations thought that the unions were illegal and that they would interfere with the progress of the organization.The Sherman Antitrust Act was the initial legislation implemented that shaped labor unions. This act was critical to the corporation because it prevented any â€Å"restraint of commerce across state lines and the courts ruled that union strikes or boycotts would be covered by the law†. There are two additional act of the Sherman Act, they are the Federal Trade Commission Act the prohibit bias procedures concerning competition and misleading forms of practice, the Clayton Act focuses on certain issues such as mergers and joining boards members . A main strike between the Pullman Palace Car Company and the American Railway Union, where workers walked off of the job, because wages was cut by as much as forty percent. At that time the organization was able to obtain an ruling that prevented both the walk-out and boycott. And because of this labor unions discovered that it would be harder to organize successfully (Shmoop, 2018).The National Labor Relation Act of 1935, which is also known as the Wagner Act was endorsed to protect both employers, and employees, it is the main key for union rights. The Wagner Act distinctively insist that employers should bargain in excellent confidence on issues such as wages, hours, and employment environments. This gave unions control over bias labor habits. Therefore, the Wagner Act empowered unions to be able to grow and advance, plus to establish unions permitting them to protect and bargain together, which means the workforce has the right to come as one to make their demands known even without a union (DeCenzo, 2016) (Shmoop, 2018). Because the Wagner Act sheltered the unions it led to the Taft-Hartley Act which is known as the Labor-Management Act (DeCenzo, 2016). This act covered the concerns of the employer in preventing bias practices of the unions. It prohibited closed stops by declaring them illegal and empowering the states to pass laws that would decrease mandatory union representation. It also, disallowed secondary boycotts by giving the president authority whenever differences may influence national security. Both parties must bargain in â€Å"good faith† by coming to the table intending to reach an agreement. But if they don’t reach one the Taft-Hartley developed the FMCS to help in the talks (DeCenzo, 2016). All of these laws are very important to the corporations and unions since they’re the source of the relationship that is among the workforce and the employer. While the NLRA has changed over time it is very important because it includes how both should work together throughout the bargaining process. And how the Taft-Hartley manages the length of the relationship. But they safeguard that everyone should work collectively throughout the conditions of the association. As a result unionized workers through combined efforts of both the union and organizations cooperative bargaining have produced better wages, benefits , safe environment, and health conditions for the workforce. They have also included better opportunities for the non-unionized workers (Walters, 2003). References DeCenzo, D. A. (2016).Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 12th Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons Inc.Federal Trade Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Antitrust Laws: https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/competition-guidance/guide-antitrust-laws/antitrust-lawsShmoop. (2018). Retrieved from History of Labor Unions: https://www.shmoop.com/history-labor-unions/law.htmlWalters, M. a. (2003, 8 26). Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved from How unions help all workers: https://www.epi.org/publication/briefingpapers_bp143/.. How to cite The Antitrust Laws, Papers

The Story of an Hour and a Rose for Emily free essay sample

Compare Contrast The Story of an Hour and A Rose for Emily Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour and William Faulkners A Rosefor Emily both characterize the nature of marriage and womanhood bydelving into the psyches of their female protagonists. Also, althoughChopin makes no clear reference to geographic locale in The Story of anHour, both authors usually set their stories in the American South, whichimpacts these characterizations. These two tales share many other points ofreference in common. For instance, Mrs. Mallard in The Story of an Hourand Emily Grierson in A Rose for Emily die at the end of the story, andboth deaths are in some way related to how the women felt about their malepartners. In fact, in both cases, the women are deeply affected by the menin their lives: their personalities and lifestyles have been shaped andmolded chiefly by men. However, Mrs. Mallard and Emily Grierson developdifferently. We will write a custom essay sample on The Story of an Hour and a Rose for Emily or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mallard is a relatively young woman, while GriersonWhen Brently Mallard is presumed dead,Mrs. Mallard and Grierson also exhibit different physical characteristics.Mallard grieves when she hears her husband is dead but embraces the longprocession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. In the end, both women die, but Mallards death isprecipitated by a monstrous joy, unlike Grierson, who simply left behinda legacy of sadness and pity. This aspect of her character isparalleled in the springtime setting of A Rose for Emily, in which topsof trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. While Grierson holes up and hides from the world, Mallard has asupportive network of friends and family to which to turn.Mallard experiences an epiphanythat can potentially transform her life and which brings her immense joy;Grierson, on the other hand sank into madness and depression and killed theman she loved. Emily Grierson killed the man whospurned her, only to sleep next to his decaying corpse each night. In stark contrastto this imagery and characterization is Faulkners description of MissEmilys house, which smelled of dust and disuse. Grierson, on the other hand, doesexhibit a paralyzed inability to accept death and pain. Mallard,therefore, is adaptable whereas Grierson is stuck in the past; Griersonsrelationship with the townspeople reinforces her inability to accept changeand newness.

The Demand for Chicken, a Proposal Essay Example

The Demand for Chicken, a Proposal Essay The demand for chicken refers to the quantity of chicken demanded by households (in lbs) in the identified areas (one rural and one urban), at the available prices within the specified areas. It must be noted at this point, that the true population in any given situation is never really known. As such samples are usually collected and estimated using econometric methods. The results are then used to infer or make judgments about the true population. Basically, econometrics is based on economic theory, mathematical economics and statistics. Where the relationships among variables are measured using numerical values and estimates are then interpreted. This assignment has been embarked on to apply the theoretical knowledge learnt in the classroom to real world situations using actual data. I. e. the quantity of chicken demanded (dependent variable), subject to constraints such as the selling price of chicken, available substitutes, etc. In doing an econometric research, there are four stages. These stages are 1. Specification of the model. 2. Estimation of the model. 3. Evaluation of the estimates. 4. Evaluation of the model. These steps will be further explained in the proposal. REVIEW OF LITERATURE This comprises of two parts; 1. The general theory of demand 2. Previous models done and comparisons. Theory of Demand A fundamental characteristic of demand is†¦[1]. †All else equal, as price falls, the quantity demanded rises, and as price rises, the quantity demanded falls. † What this implies is that there is a negative or inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. We will write a custom essay sample on The Demand for Chicken, a Proposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Demand for Chicken, a Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Demand for Chicken, a Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, price is not the only factor that affects or determines the quantity of a product demanded. Other factors such as the taste and preferences of consumers, the prices of related goods, number of buyers in the market, changing expectations (of price, availability, income) etc. The prices of related goods can increase or decrease the demand for a good depending on whether the related good is a substitute (can be used in place of another) or complement (used together with another). Example, assuming that good (A) is a complement of good (B), as the price of good B rises; the demand for good A will decrease, I. . , a negative relationship exist. On the other hand, if the goods are substitutes of each other, as the price of one good rises, the quantity demanded of the other good will also increase because the consumers will substitute the more expensive good with a cheaper substitute. A change in consumers’ taste and preferences also affects demand. For instance, if the good becomes more desirable to consumers, the quantity demanded will increase and vice versa. In the same way, if the number of buyers in the market increases, the quantity demanded will also increase and vice versa. Should consumers expect the future price of a commodity to increase, the present demand will more than likely increase because persons will purchase more in anticipation of the price increase and the opposite will apply for an expected decrease in prices. Additionally, if consumers expect the availability of the product to change, they will also change their demand. E. g. , should consumers expect a shortage of chicken in February; they are likely to increase their demand in January to stock up in expectation of the shortage. Changes in the income status of consumers may also prompt consumers to change their current spending pattern. Whereby, they may increase or decrease the amount purchased, depending on if there is an increase or decrease in their income levels. So in essence, the quantity of a product demanded depends on the price of the product, prices of related goods, changes in consumers’ taste and preferences, changing expectations in prices, availability of the product and income etc. PREVIOUS MODELS DONE AND COMPARISONS In preparing this model, the researcher looked at other persons work on the demand for chicken. It was realized that others also choose the same three dependent variables in constructing a demand function for chicken. One researcher even went through the process of identifying the variables and going through the process of justifying their selection in the model based on the t statistic. A copy of this researcher’s process will be included in the appendix of the final paper SPECIFICATION OF THE MODEL Specification deals with expressing the economic theory (relationship between variables) in a mathematical form. It is the specification of the model with which the economic phenomenon will be explored empirically. In this proposal, it is the relationship between the quantity of chicken demanded and the factors that influence or determine the quantity demanded that are being examined. Specification of the model entails 1. The dependent and explanatory variables which will be include in the model. 2. The apriori theoretical expectations about the size and sign of the parameters of the function. 3. The mathematical form of the model 4. The econometric form of the model. In this proposal, the quantity of chicken demanded (Dc) is the dependent variable. The independent variables are the price of chicken (Pc), the price of substitutes (Ps) because chicken is usually substituted with other products such as fish, beef etc and the income of households (Yd) and other unspecified variables. This is shown in the following equation; Dc = ((Pc, Ps, Yd,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ) Where: Dc ( quantity of chicken demanded. Pc ( Price of chicken. This price will be the price each household pays for a lb of chicken. Ps ( Price of substitute. The reason the price of a substitute is used in the model instead of the price of a complement is because chicken is a good that is usually substituted by other goods such as beef, fish etc. Yd ( This represents the net income of households. It is known from theory that changing expectations in income affects demand. So the affect of income on demand cannot be truly represented by a straight line, a curve is more realistic. To represent this ln Yd is going to be used in the function. Even though there are other factors which affect demand, only the three independent variables stated above will be used in the model because theory and previous models done suggest that these are the core (most important ) variables for a demand function, particularly the demand for a consumer product such as chicken. There are usually coefficients for the explanatory variables. These coefficients are known as the (s’. So the mathematical form of the model is: Dc = ((0 + (1Pc + (2Ps + (3LnYd ) Another term used to describe the mathematical form of the model is the deterministic model. The econometric form of the model is formed when the stochastic or random term is added to the mathematical form of the model. Therefore the econometric form of the model is; Dc = ? 0 + ? 1Pc + ? 2Ps + ? 3LnYd +  µ. Where  µ the stochastic term,? represents all other less significant independent variables and it collects all errors of the model. Additional, the expected sign of the parameters (? s’) are as follows; ? 0 this is the constant. The expected sign of this is +. The reason being, this represents the autonomous consumption of chicken/ it represents the demand for chicken hen the value of the dependent variables are 0. ?1 -ve. The reason being, there is an inverse relationship between the price of chicken and the quantity demanded of chicken. ?2 +ve. The reason being, if the price of chicken increases, the quantity demanded of the substitute for chicken will increase. ?3 +ve. The reason being chicken is considered to be a normal good. Therefore if income increa ses, quantity demanded will increase and vice versa. The sizes of the elasticities are dependent on the nature of the commodity and the existence of substitutes. For example if the good is a necessity, price and income elasticity’s are expected to be small. On the other hand, if the product is a luxury, the elasticity’s are expected to be high. Therefore for this proposal the elasticity’s (income and price) are expected to be small. Additionally, if the commodities are close substitutes, the cross elasticity will be high. ESTIMATION OF THE MODEL. Estimation is concerned with obtaining numerical values for the variables used in the model and estimates for the parameters. This step involves †¢ Gathering of statistical observations (data) on the variables included in the model. †¢ Choice of the appropriate econometric technique. The researcher proposes to use cross-sectional data. This type of data gives information on the variables concerning individual agents (households) at a given period of time. I. e. using the demand function stated previously (econometric form) and inserting values for a number of households in order to compute an estimate of the demand function. i. e. Dc = ? 0 +? 1Pc +? 2Ps + ? 3LnYd + Ð µ. The proposed econometric technique is the OLS/ Classical least squares. What this does is select values for the coefficients that minimize the sum of the squared errors. (? ei? ) The assumptions of this econometric technique are: 1. Linearity. This refers to linearity in coefficients; the model must be correctly specified and has the additive error term. 2. The mean of the error term is 0 3. Observations of the error term are uncorrelated with each other, i. e. there is no autocorrelation. 4. The explanatory or independent variables are uncorrelated with the error term so that E (Xe) = 0 5. The error term has a constant variance, i. e. there is no heteroscidastiscity. 6. No explanatory variable is a perfect linear function of other variables, i. e. there is no multicollinearity. 7. The error term is normally distributed. EVALUATION OF THE ESTIMATES. In a nutshell, this is the interpretation of the reliability of the coefficients estimated. That is, if the results are theoretically meaningful and statistically satisfactory. There are basically three criteria’s for evaluating the estimates. †¢ The economic apriori criteria. This is determined by economic theory. †¢ The statistical criteria. This is determined by statistical theory. †¢ The econometric criteria. Determined by econometric theory. †¢ The selection of the confidence interval. Economic apriori is determined by the principles of economic theory and refers to the sign and size of the parameters. In this case, the reliability of the estimated coefficients will be determined based on economic theory. For instance, the expected sign of ? 1 is expected to be negative because theory states that demand and price are inversely related. The statistical or first order conditions are determined by statistical theory. At this point in the assignment, the researcher will look at the basic statistics such as the mean, median, mode, correlation coefficient etc to examine the data. Additionally the R2 and adjusted R2 values, the F statistics and t statistics will be used to also examine the coefficients. The relevance of all these test will also be further explained, for instance the R2 and adjusted R2 speaks about the fit of the model. The next stage is the second order tests or econometric criteria. These tests determine the reliability of the statistical tests. They help to establish whether or not the estimates have the desirable properties of OLS. These properties are linearity, unbiased estimator ie E (? ) = ? , minimum variance (the distribution of the estimates around the true line fits tightly) and consistency (as the sample size gets larger, the variance gets smaller). Simply, the econometric criterion is aimed at detecting violations of the assumptions of OLS. To this end a number of tests are proposed. 1. The Durbin – Watson (d) statistic) to test for autocorrelation. 2. The Spearman Rank Test. Performed to test whether or not the assumption of homoscedastiscity is violated. 3. The experimental technique based on Frisch’ confidence analysis. That is testing for the level of multicollenearity. 4. The Ramsey – Reset Test. This test is done to determine whether or not the model is properly specified. Selection of the confidence interval. In order to carry out any statistical test, the null and alternative hypothesis will have to be correctly specified. Additionally the confidence interval will have to be determined, i. e. the level of significance of the hypothesis test. This is especially critical in minimizing errors’1 and errors’ 2. For instance, at the 95% confidence level, only 5% of the time error 1 occurs. This means that only 5% of the time a true null is rejected. However at the 99% confidence level, the possibility of error 2 occurring increases, i. e. the possibility of not rejecting a true null. For this paper, the 95% confidence interval is proposed. EVALUATION OF THE MODEL Before using a model to forecast, it is first important to ensure that the model satisfies the economic, statistical and econometric criteria’s’. After which the stability of the model has to be examined. The Chow Test will be done to examine the stability of the model. After which the final results will be reported. These results include discussing the R2, adjusted R2, the resulting F and t statistics, the elastic ties etc. The conclusion follows. Then there will be an appendix, consisting of the data sets, a sample of the questionnaire used, statistical graphs etc. The final page will be a bibliography of all books and websites used in the assignment.

Jug Bands and Homemade Instruments

Jug Bands and Homemade Instruments If youre looking for a way to introduce your kids to homemade music, theres no better way than with homemade instruments.  To musicians with a creative bent, any object can be turned into an instrument.   The jug band is a uniquely American musical institution that got its start as a bunch of household utensils. The first jug bands were formed in the areas around Memphis by out-of-work vaudeville entertainers. The musicians were often poor, so improvising and creating their own instruments was a necessity. Jug bands were typically street performers who played in hopes of earning money from passersby. A jug band makes a perfect topic for a multidisciplinary unit study. The jug band lends itself to  a range of subjects, including  science, math, history, and geography. For instance: Science: How do vibrating materials produce sound waves in the air?Math: When you divide the string on a washtub bass, it produces a different tone. See if you can figure out what fraction relates to what note of the musical scale.History: Explore the armonica, an instrument invented by Benjamin Franklin based on the sound of musical water glasses.Geography: What are some homemade instruments found in other countries?   And of course, making musical instruments is a great way to add hands-on activities to your study of music. You can make your own jug band using items found around the house or at the hardware store. Here’s what you need: The Jug The horn section of the band played right, sounds like a buzzy trombone. Traditional stoneware jugs look good, but plastic maple syrup containers or milk jugs are lighter (and unbreakable) and work just as well. To play: Hold the rim of the jug a little bit away from your mouth, purse your lips, and blow directly into the hole. Be prepared to make a rude noise, or even spit, to create the sound. Change notes by loosening or tightening your lips or by moving the jug closer or farther away. The Washtub Bass This string instrument consists of a cord stretching from a metal tub on the floor to the top of an upright wooden stick. Ours uses a kid-sized metal pail, a broom handle, and some colorful thin, soft nylon cord. Just follow these directions: With the pail upside down, make a small starter hole with a hammer and nail in the center of the bottom of the pail.Insert a small eyebolt into the hole, loop side up, with a nut above and below to hold it in place.Tie one end of the cord to the loop in the eyebolt.Cover the bottom end of the broomstick with a rubber cane tip to keep it from slipping. Rest the broomstick, threaded end up, on the rim of the pail. Tie the loose end of the cord to the top of the broomstick, as tightly as possible. To play: Hold the stick near your shoulder, put one foot on the rim of the pail to hold it in place, and pluck the string. Change notes by tilting the stick, or by pressing the string against the stick as if it were the fingerboard of a guitar. The Washboard Rasping instruments belong to the percussion family. Our â€Å"Dubl Handi† steel washboard from the Columbus Washboard Company cost $10 at an antique shop, but a ribbed paint roller tray or broiler pan can be substituted in a pinch. To play: The washboard is played by scraping something stiff against the ribs of the metal surface, such as a thimble or whisk broom. Musical Spoons The clicking of a pair of back-to-back teaspoons, also a percussion instrument, can add a fabulous rhythm to your band. To play: The trick is to hold the spoons firmly in your fist, handles pressed against your palm, with the knuckle of your index finger in-between, making a space of about half an inch. Stand with one foot up on a stool, and bang the hand with the spoons up and down between your thigh and the palm of your other hand. A bup-bup-bup, bup-bup-bup, like a horse’s hoofs clacking, gives a nice beat. Comb and Tissue Paper This kazoo-like instrument works on the same principle as the human voice. The paper vibrates to create a buzzing sound, just as the vocal cords vibrate when you talk or sing. Find a comb with thin flexible teeth. Fold a piece of tissue or wax paper in half, then cut the folded sheet to the size of the comb. Hold the comb and drape the paper over it, letting the paper hang loosely. To play: Put your mouth and say â€Å"do do do† until you feel the paper tingle against your lips. Once you’ve got the hang of it, try singing notes and using different syllables to change the sound. What to Play When your band’s assembled, try some traditional melodies the sillier the better! This is your chance to brush up on old tunes like â€Å"She’ll be Coming Round the Mountain† and â€Å"Oh, Susanna.†Ã‚   And if you want to try some other kinds of improvised instruments,  you can find plenty of inspiration.  For example, the stage musical  STOMP  uses push brooms, matchbooks, and paint scrapers to create rhythm. And the  Blue Man Group  plays tunes on instruments made out of PVC pipes and boat antennas. They prove that  there’s music in almost any object you can imagine.

African Politics - Aid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

African Politics - Aid - Essay Example Aid was started in Africa in order to facilitate development projects after colonialism. Colonialism had impoverished African countries and the western nations came in with the concept of aid to assist. The intentions were pure and there was initially no agenda behind the money being provided. As Michelle (2013) stipulates in the journal article, there were big development ideas that were to be funded by the aid money but what lacked is the technical expertise. Aid was to be used in various developmental areas such as education, health, infrastructural development among others. Education is the baseline of every country whether developed or developing. It is therefore in the best interest of every nation to have its entire people educated if it is to have developments in the future and use it to enhance their livelihoods. Africa has been left behind for decades on the issue of access to education and this has led to aid being given and debt accrued in the need to educate their public. The dire need to raise the education standards led to need to borrow money from the Bretton Woods institutions such as the World Bank in order to complete the project. The project ended up consuming more and having no much return benefits to the intended public and a debt accrued. Drazen, (2002) explains how debts from the aid continued to increase with no hopes of them being paid back especially with the oil crises which led to an increase in food prices as well as the deplorable conditions in these African nations that have led to an increase in poverty. The Bretton Woods institutions together with the western countries that supplied the money for the aid came up with the concept of structural adjustment programs as the condition for being granted the aid. The African leaders desperate for the money went along with this program that saw massive layoffs and retrenchments taking place in the public sector. The structural programs were

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 27

Case Study Example In that case, the main issue is whether or not Mimi should be considered for the position since her prior destructive actions might taint the image of the company. Although Mimi is creative, a Chinese citizen, and has successfully launched two brands from the biggest clothing organizations in the US, she is highly opinionated and brash; hence, Fred Weston, the CEO has a difficult time deciding on whether to hire her. Furthermore, due to Fred’s loyalty to John, he feels that he should hire Mimi, who is John’s daughter. Fred Weston is also afraid that the competitors could hire her and the company would be at a competitive disadvantage. Regardless of her prior behaviors, Mimi has the qualifications and credentials that are required in order to improve the image of the company and take it to a higher level. For that reason, Fred Weston should go ahead and permanently hire Mimi in the US branch but not in China. Moreover, since she is aware of the Chinese history, she has experience in the local dialect, and can speak Mandarin fluently; Fred should ask her to become a mediator or liaison between the China and the US markets. Although the company will be covering Mimi’s background, Fred will have done a tremendous job of offering the firm a creative and talented worker; hence, improve on its relationship with the China market. This means that the company can conduct another interview and hire a project manager who will work in China while at the same time employing Mimi for the US operation and keeping her as part of the Chinese operations’ strategic team. Besides that, Mimi is a brilliant person who can boost the sales of the company and is described as opinionated, overly creative, innovative, and a risk taker. She also understands the culture of the Chinese people as well as their fashion oriented trends. This means that Fred can include her in discussing how Hathaway Jones can be developed in

The Struggle to Create Post-Cold War Europe by Mary Sarotte Essay

The Struggle to Create Post-Cold War Europe by Mary Sarotte - Essay Example The author, Sarotte, has also been able to effectively bring together the flawless descriptions. The author has also taken into account an analysis which is challenging in terms of the creation of the post Cold War order (Dale 2009). Here the focus of the book has been on German aspect of the overall period. The author has also been able to effectively look into the historical perspective and has also been able to keep track of the events in order of how the events occurred (Sarotte 2010). In the case of most of the geopolitical events, it was found that the 1989 events did not stay in link with the initial promise that had been developed (Sarotte 2010). The book by the author has focused on the reports and ideas that have been focused on the exchange by the statesmen and the other governmental officials. The overall book and the document is very well laid out and described. The book however does lack new information. The topic of discussion however has been on a single topic of Nato expansion which makes a major contribution. There was one underlying question throughout the Cold War which focused on whether the Soviet communism was the cause for the Washington to build up their forces in Europe. The doubt here was whether this has been the cause for the stationed forces or whether it was simply to validate the existence and the presence of Nato (Sarotte 2010). In time with the disappearance of the Soviet, the answer to this was clear and evident. The other main question that related to Nato was that of the nuclear weapons. The book has also taken into account the several questions of nuclear weapons and the questions relating to the shadows of the denuclearisation of Germany. The questions of the presence of the US military in Europe have also been high. The author has been a little hesitant and unsure of Nato expansion without having a clear idea of the benefits of the expansion (Sarotte 2010). Here there is little attention and positive elements that the aut hor finds in her book about Bush and the author has presented Bush to be a very tactful leader who also shows high boldness. There are two main elements that are found to be missing in the book. Firstly, the way the book has been developed and presented, this could have been written several years ago and the overall analysis as presented in the book, could have been presented in a much more effective manner (Sarotte 2010). There are numerous elements in the book where there have been irrelevant discussions and there has also been a major disconnect in the overall discussion. Here of these one of the examples has been of the marketing strategies discussed in the paper. The second major limitation of this book is the lack of focus on the corrupt activities of the Chancellor which could have been brought out in a more effective manner. Here these activities have a major role in the overall courting as well as the persuasion of the Germans and the unification with the Atlanticist (Dale 2009). As a whole, the book has been well presented and also very thoroughly researched. Here however a lot more positive elements could have been presented in the book to provide a higher level of acceptance and also more recognition to the book as a whole. The author has been able to effectively use all the research to provide a well presented book, with a few tweaks and improvements, the book and

Did Marx Condemn Capitalism As Unjust Sociology Essay

Did Marx Condemn Capitalism As Unjust Sociology Essay Marxs 1848 discussion of theoretical Communism is widely held by historians as one of the most influential political texts ever written. Its principles formed the basis of the Communist movement and offered an alternative to the growing capitalism within various societies around the world. However, many of the principles that Marx offered have been debated by political commentators and historians through the ages. For example, Cohen argues the following: Now, there exists a debate about whether or not Marx regarded capitalist exploitation as unjust. Some think it obvious that he did believe it to be unjust, and others think that he patently did not. (1995, p. 195). This premise will be examined in this essay, drawing on various academic works in order to provide credibility to the argument that Marx did indeed condemn capitalism as unjust. Before analysing Marxs argument against capitalism, it is necessary to examine it and draw conclusions as to what the implications within the text actually are. The Communist Manifesto and German Ideology both deal with social dynamics and the interactions between capitalism, production, the proletariat and Communism. Marx actually identifies capitalism as the following: To be a capitalist is to have not only a purely personal but a social status in production. Capital is a collective product, and only by the united action of many members, nay, in the last resort, only by the united action of all members of society, can it be set in motion. (2002, p. 236). As such, he actively asserts that capitalism is a manufactured state that is borne out of selfishness and the personal need to be materialistically rich. This implies that capitalism does not benefit the collective, instead being of benefit to the individual looking to climb the social ladder. Despite this, as capital is a collective notion and so this gives the impression that it can be used to benefit everyone if it is utilised in the correct manner. This would create an equality that would ensure that nobody need ever suffer within society again. In German Ideology, Marx explains why this has not yet occurred: the patriarchal relationship between journeyman and master continued to exist; in manufacture its place was taken by the monetary relation between worker and capitalist a relationship which in the countryside and in small towns retained a patriarchal tinge, but in the larger, the real manufacturing towns, quite early lost almost all patriarchal complexion. (1970, p. 74) Patriarchal societies had existed for centuries and implied that there was some sort of responsibility being taken for those less fortunate than the business owners, even if there was a major disparity in terms of wealth. The fact that Marx asserts that the patriarchal element of society has been removed speaks volumes about the level of social responsibility that he thought existed following the development of capitalism. The social responsibility that every individual had for his fellow man had disappeared and so it became every individual for himself, which not only led to social climbing but also led to a greater gulf between the classes than previously existed (Jacoby, 1976, p. 206). This is just one of the reasons why it can be argued that Marx believed capitalism to be unfair and unjust. The fact that every individual became concerned with what he could get and forgot about his fellow man was just the start of Marxs damning social commentary. The impact that this had upon the proletariat was far more profound in retrospect than anybody imagined beforehand. However, Marx predicted the unjust treatment of the waged people that Hampsher-Monk highlights: There was a battle to establish against the remnants of political and economic feudalism the institutions of a liberal and commercial state, and there was, for some others at least, the battle to establish a socialist answer to the veils of developing capitalism, the poisoning and maiming of workers and children in regulated factories, the discharge of untreated poisons, the destruction of familial stability and resulting poverty (1992, p. 487) Reports of the events outlined above had begun to filter through when The Communist Manifesto and German Ideology were published but got worse after the spectre of capitalism began to grow. Those events within the quote represent just a sample of the treatment that the waged people had to experience and they aptly highlight the problems that capitalism provided them with. Unable to escape industry because they needed to feed their families, the proletariat were subjected to awful conditions for their bosses to make a profit and the latter did not care providing their own wealth grew. This is yet another example of how and why capitalism was indeed unjust. By highlighting these events and the lack of care from the higher social classes, Marx actively and effectively argues that capitalism is unjust and uses the very principles of capitalism to do so: It is important to remember that the assumptions Marx begins from are assumptions about capitalism taken from capitalisms own ideologues. His is a picture of a buoyant and innovative capitalism, competitive, and with plenty of capital accumulation through profits. (McClelland, 1996, p. 558). By using the ideology of capitalism to frame his argument, Marx is able to highlight the social injustice that capitalism can bring within its own framework, thus highlighting the negatives that lie behind the presented positives. Tucker also introduced the idea of capitalism actually being legalized robbery (1969, p. 43) because it deprives the individual worker of what he or she is actually entitled to: the wage worker under capitalism was being robbed of something that rightfully belonged to him, or that profit was theft (1969, p. 39). In short, the individual worker is only paid a fraction of what his or her labour is worth under capitalism with the remainder going to the employer. As such, it is not the labour offered by the worker that proves fruitful but rather the exploitation of that labour by an individual from a higher class who never has to get his hands dirty in order to reap the rewards. This exploitation and lack of appropriate reward is repeatedly highlighted by Marx, especially in relation to wages: The average price of wage labour is the minimum wage, i.e., that quantum of the means of subsistence which is absolutely requisite to keep the labourer in bare existence as a labourer (2002, p. 236 ). This particular quote highlights how unjust capitalism actually is in relation to the present and the future. It also provides evidence that there are no just rewards available for the proletariat. Designed to maintain the status quo, much as feudalism was, it actually provides a worse situation for the working class because they become further entrenched in capitalism. There is no hope of relief because of the lack of patriarchal values and opportunity to advance in the workplace or life in general. When placed alongside Marxs ideological system of equality, capitalism is proven to be unjust. Husami asserts that no social system has ever been condemned more radically, indicted more severely, and damned more comprehensively than capitalism was by Marx. It is a system of domination of men by men, of men by things, and of men by impersonal forces. (1978, p. 27). In doing so, he effectively makes the case for Marx arguing that man is subordinate to the machine under capitalism. In fact, this is evident within all of Marxs political texts. The proletariat is considered to be the commodity in that it is effectively the machine. If the proletariat did not work then the machine would not work, but a machine does not have needs. A person and indeed a society does. This is another reason why capitalism is so unjust. The needs of the individual wage worker are ignored and so are in no way fulfilled. In becoming a cog in the capitalist machine, the wage worker is forced to forego all rights and individual wants and needs he may have. As Husami argues, everything becomes impersonal a nd nobody is treated with the respect and individualisation they deserve. In stripping every wage worker of his humanity and rendering him a faceless machine part, it is easy to ignore the individual without focusing too much on what he is being deprived of. Capitalism makes that possible and ensures that the threat of unemployment [is] hanging permanently over their heads (McClelland, 1996, p. 537). This, in turn, ensures that wage workers remain in their social place and do not have a voice to use unless they come together as a collective. As such, this is the basis of the argument for the onset of Communism that Marx presents within his ideological texts. The workers have to come together in order to create a movement strong enough to overthrow the unjust capitalism. However, not all academics agree that Marx argues that capitalism is unjust, citing that there are explicit denunciations and sustained criticisms of social thinkers (such as Pierre Proudhon and Ferdinand Lassalle) who did not condemn capitalism for its injustices or advocated some form of socialism as a means of securing justice, equality, or the rights of man. (Wood, 1972, p. 244). Whilst it is true that the views of the social thinkers did stand opposed to Marxs views, this argument can be perceived in a number of ways. For example, Marx himself denounced Proudhon because his petty bourgeois leanings had a tendency to wish to resort to authoritarian solutions (Thomas, 1990, p. 237). As such, it could be argued that the way in which social thinkers viewed capitalism did not match up with the way Marx himself perceived it, meaning that he neither thought it completely unjust or worthy of total eradication. In fact, it is possible to read The Communist Manifesto in a way that agrees with this perspective. For example, if Capital is a collective product (Marx, 2002, p. 236) then the lower classes control it as much as the upper classes do. However, even with all of the above in mind, there is too much evidence available to prove that Marx did consider capitalism as unjust. Marxs use of language and words like robbery, embezzlement, booty, theft, plunder and usurpation betray his feelings towards the concept of capitalism for all to see (Husami, 1978, p.43). This dichotomy just serves to prove that capitalism can be both just or unjust, depending on ones class interests and the conditions which determine them. (Kain, 1991, p. 160). Marxs perspective definitely belonged to the latter category and not the former. In conclusion, whilst an alternative reading is possible as a result of the nature of the debate itself and Marxs condemnation of social thinkers that followed in his footsteps, it is quite clear from in depth analysis that he believes that capitalism was unjust. His argument against capitalism characterises it as dehumanizing, disenfranchising and downright unfair based on the contribution of workers to society. Although there is no direct argument against the modernisation, there is an argument against the social condition that it imposes on the workers. In terms of the rewards that the individual gets, capitalism most certainly is unjust and the Marx argument can still be applied to society today.

Essay --

George Bilgere, an American Poet writes a touching but sad poem about his personal life. Bilgere who is the main character in the poem takes his readers on a journey about the survival of his struggles in life. Coming from a family with divorced parents, alcoholic father and mother who passed away lead him to be more open with his poetry. In the poem â€Å" Like Riding a Bicycle† Bilgere informs his readers about the struggles he had to face throughout his childhood due to not having a mother or father figure around at a young age. Throughout the poem, Bilgere shows that even though you struggle in life, there is alway a way to find yourself as a successful individual. Bilgere was a young boy who suffered from alcohol abuse. The first few stanzas of the poem started off showing happiness when describing his father teaching him how to ride a bicycle. Getting deeper into the poem, it turns to a rough point when Bilgere compares the push while riding a bike to his own marriage. For instance â€Å" As I make some perilous adult launch / like pulling away from my wife.† (462) Knowing that his father and mother split up when Bilgere was a young child, shows that the divorce affected his future. Bilgere’s father alcohol problem destroyed their family. The line â€Å" On their own divorce, their balance / long gone and the hard ground already / rising up to smite them† ( 462) shows the feeling of being abandoned and left alone. His father's alcoholism caused his actions to become violent. For instance â€Å" He swore and stomped off.† (462) which demonstrates to the reader that the father had trouble controlling his temper towar ds his son and wife. Throughout the entire poem, it shows that Bilgere had strong anger towards his father but learns to appreciate ... ...er evening† (463) gives us the thought of him remembering it all, but â€Å" the pacific shoreline† (463) which proves that the bicycle ride was representing a new life. Bilgere gives his readers the conclusion to never give up even when life turns upside down. Bilgere was a young boy who survived a tough childhood and grew up to be a successful man. Even though he didn't have the childhood most children have shows that anything is possible. We shouldn't give up on anything when life gets difficult for us. Bilgere proves to his reader that giving up doesn't get you anywhere; doing something about it does. Knowing that Bilgere was about to find happiness and be confident in the person he had became gives me the hope of a better future. Life will through some tough punches but better to take the pain than to give up because god has something better stored for the future.

A View from the Bridge. By Arthur Miller Essay

A View from the Bridge is a play by American playwright Arthur Miller. The play is set in 1950s America, in an Italian American neighborhood called Red Hook near the Brooklyn Bridge in New York. The main character of the play is Eddie Carbone, an Italian American longshoreman, who lives with his wife, Beatrice and an orphaned niece named Catherine. Eddie is Catherine’s uncle, but they are not blood-related. Eddie is very over-protective of Catherine and that he is almost possessive of her. He gets jealous very easily when other men look at Catherine. Eddie’s feelings for Catherine are very strong and he may also have sexual feelings for her. At the beginning of the play, Eddie and Catherine have a very intimate and happy relationship. Eddie has given her the best life he can afford, and in return Catherine loves and trusts him completely. However, their situation changes quite rapidly once Beatrice’s cousins arrive from Italy. After their arrival, a gap seems to form between Eddie and Catherine. Eddie gradually becomes obsessed with trying to stop destiny from changing his life. This obsession soon leads to the violation of every moral he has ever believed in. In Act I of the play, we see that Catherine has a desire to be noticed by Eddie. Her excitement when he arrives home is almost childlike. Catherine also has a desperate requirement of approval she seeks from her uncle. â€Å"You like it? I fixed it different. † Her thirst to be accepted by him seems unnatural. On the contrary Eddie seems to enjoy Catherine in need of his attention, as he continuously draws the topic of conversation back to her. The conversation turns from â€Å"†¦ He’s here B.! † from Catherine, to â€Å"Beautiful†¦Lemme see in the back† from Eddie. It is also that at this very early point in the play we might get suspicious of Eddie’s true feelings for Catherine. This is a result of his constant comments on her physical appearance. While Eddie’s references to her short skirt and her ‘ walkin’ wavy’, could just be a protective father’s worries about the attention she is getting from other men, his intentions are still questionable. When Catherine tells Eddie that she got offered a job, Eddied asks questions and becomes very over-protective, ‘Near the Navy Yard plenty can happen in a block and a half. And the plumbin’ company! That’s one step over the water front. They’re practically longshoremen. ’ Eddie knows that men are going to be looking at Catherine because longshoremen and sailors would be walking up the wards. He does not like the idea of her working in a place where there would be men, who he knows from his own experiences, could take advantage of his pure and innocent Catherine. Eddie shows that this is how he thinks of her, when he calls her ‘a Madonna’. The way in which Miller uses the word ‘Madonna’ is symbolic as just like the Virgin Mary, who most Catholics worship, in his own way Eddie does almost idolize and worship Catherine. When Eddie finally allows her to accept the job, Catherine’s reaction is very childlike in the way she does not control her emotions. She runs up to Eddie and hugs him. This shows the intensity of Catherine’s love and respect for Eddie. This is not only because of her reply to Eddie when he jokes about her leaving him, but because of the way she ‘grasps’ onto his arms, as she shouts out ‘no please! ‘ The very idea of going away from Eddie hurts her. The next scene is the arrival of Beatrice’s cousins, Marco and Rodolfo, who have entered the country illegally, hoping to leave behind hunger and unemployment for a better life in America. Marco is an exceptionally strong man, said by Eddie’s friends to be ‘a regular bull. ‘ He also has a starving family in Italy (a wife, and 3 sons, one with tuberculosis). Rodolfo is in his late 20’s, fair skinned, blond, and unmarried. After their arrival, Catherine starts showing interest in Rodolfo which makes Eddie jealous. Eddie notices this fascination and tries to pre-occupy Catherine with making coffee and other tasks. Later in the conversation when Rodolfo begins to sing ‘paper doll’, Eddie realizes that Catherine is impressed in him and decides that he has to stop him. He makes up the excuse, ‘Look, kid; you don’t want to be picked up, do ya? ’ Eddie says that if Rodolfo sings, people might hear him and he might get ‘picked up’ by the Immigration Bureau. This is just an excuse because Eddie does not want Rodolfo to be impressing Catherine. As the play progresses towards the end of the first act, Catherine and Rodolfo start to go out. As a result Eddie discusses with Catherine about her feelings towards Rodolfo to which she replies by saying, ‘Yeah. I like him’. Eddie is amazed by Catherine’s straightforwardness and as he dislikes Rodolfo, he poisons Catherine’s mind against Rodolfo and tried to turn her against him, by coming up with excuses such as, ‘He don’t respect you’. He says that Rodolfo did not ask him for permission to go out and is disrespecting him. When Catherine denies this, Eddie makes up yet, another excuse, ‘Katie, he’s only bowin’ to his passport’ which means that. Rodolfo is only going to marry her just so that he can become an American citizen, which deeply hurts Catherine and almost poisons her mind against Rodolfo. Towards the end of Act One, Eddie cleverly introduces the subject of boxing, which is fittingly a masculine activity for Eddie, and while pretending to teach Rodolfo how to box, he hits him in the mouth. Eddie believes that he can prove himself right to Catherine by fighting Rodolfo. For Eddie, this demonstrates to Catherine that Rodolfo is weak and feminine while he is the stronger and masculine one. When Rodolfo falls down, Catherine rushes to Rodolfo’s side which horrifies Eddie as he clearly sees where Catherine’s loyalties lie as she shouts ‘Eddie’, which displays her anger. Eddie was trying to put Rodolfo out of picture as he was ‘stealing’ Catherine away from him. Eddie then tells Rodolfo, ‘I’ll teach him again. ’ which could have a double meaning as it could mean another lesson in boxing, or a lesson not to go near Catherine again. This also shows that as the play is progressing, Eddie’s actions are becoming more aggressive. In conclusion, at the end of Act One, Eddie’s love for Catherine has become aggression towards Rodolfo. Eddie’s anger and stress is building up which is told to us by the stage direction of Eddie ‘unconsciously twisting the newspaper’. Here, Eddie is transferring his feeling of anger and frustration to the newspaper. He twists the paper into a tight roll and then bends it which suddenly tears in two. The newspaper represents Rodolfo and he is therefore tearing Rodolfo and getting rid off him. This is what Eddie actually wants to do to Rodolfo.

Asian American Study

Asian American Study Both Choy in ‘Empire of care: nursing and migration in Filipino American history’ and Yano in ‘Airborne dreams: â€Å"Nisei† Stewardesses and Pan American World Airways’ present the Filipino nurses and Japanese American flight attendants in the late twentieth century as victims of racism in their respective careers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Asian American Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Filipino nurses in America were subjected to racial discrimination at their places of work. They were treated with a lot of suspicion by their American counterparts. Choy gives an example of the 1975 incident in which Filipino nurses Narciso and Leonora Perez were falsely accused of poisoning veteran American patients in a Michigan hospital called Ann Arbor. Due to persisted acts of discrimination, the nurses eventually formed a union to fight against discrimination while at their pla ces of work (Choy 18). Similarly, the Japanese American stewards popularly known as the ‘Nisei’ were subjected to various forms of discrimination due to their Japanese American descent. During their employment, they were supposed to avoid pregnancy; delay marriage and their images were used in sexist advertisements. The Nisei had no option other than to comply because they were eager to secure employment with the Pan American airlines. However, while the Filipino nurses retained their social status of expatriate nurses in America, their Japanese American air attendants were able to gain the status of first class citizens of the United States (US).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This, they achieved through their well paying career and the nature of their work, which involved intermingling with first class American citizens. As Yano argues, some went to the extent of getting married to white Americans (Yano 34). In both cases, that is that of the Filipino nurses and that of the Japanese American air attendants, the United States’ political and economic dominance shaped the nature of their representations to a great extent. The Philippines were colonized by the US. During the colonization, the Americans started nursing schools in Philippines, which culminated in a mass exodus of trained Filipino nurses to the US to seek employment as well as higher social status. In recruiting the Japanese American air attendants, the Pan American Company was driven by the desire to win Asia’s support during the cold war. The idea was to present the US as a country with a global image and therefore win the support of many countries, especially in Asia where the Russian led socialism was gaining momentum. Community bazed organizing refers to the mobilization of communities into formal or informal groups to address a particular issue which is of in terest to them. The Asian American labor history is that of casual laborers employed by Americans to work in mines, farms and in the construction of railroads. Generally speaking, Asian Americans found their way to America through slavery and human trafficking by colonialists.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Asian American Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to their low social and economic status, early Asian immigrants in the US suffered great discrimination, abuse and humiliations at the hands of their white employers. This discrimination provoked them to think of ways of uniting against their common enemy. Most of plantation workers in Hawaii were of Asian origin. They found themselves working in the sugar plantations owned by the white man in Hawaii, where they worked to earn a decent living after they had fled their homes in China, Japan and Philippines due to poverty and lack of employment opportunitie s. These workers were grossly abused by managers in the plantations through doing hard work under unfavorable working conditions and poor payment. As a result, they managed to form informal groups and founded a common language known as the Hawaiian Pidgin, with an aim of communicating easily in order to resist the cruelty of the plantation managers. However, their attempt to unite against their employer did not succeed because the managers quickly noticed the same and reacted by organizing the Asian workers into castes in order to weaken their newly found unity. The castes were incited against each other and therefore there was no way they could have pushed for a common agenda (Jung 23).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The garments union on the other hand was formed by women employed in various industries in US and especially in the global factory. Most of the members were of Asian origin. The union, just like that of the sugar plantation workers was formed to resist dictatorship by their employers. However, the garments union was registered under the name ‘The International Ladies Garment Workers Union’ and was therefore recognized by the US government. The union was also allowed to picket and organize strikes whenever they felt that their labor rights were abused by their employers (Louie 75). The second generation Japanese Americans were the grown up children of the first Japanese Americans to live in the US. They were the first to be employed as flight attendants by the American airline known as Pan American airlines or simply as Pan Am. They were recruited as part of the airline’s strategy of giving itself a cosmopolitan image. They were also preferred because there was an increase in the number of passengers from the Asian continent and therefore the airline wanted to create a market niche for itself especially for Asian passengers. The relationship between the Japanese American flight attendants with that of the Pan Am was characterized by racism. The flight attendants were sometimes subjected to long working hours and other tough requirements during recruitment such as avoidance of marriage. However, the attendants managed to change their social status after interacting with white Americans. The discrimination eventually weathered away. The immigrant women garments workers in the global factory were women working to the US based factory. Their work was to make garments and get paid in wages. Most of these women were of Asian origin and they found themselves working in the global factory to earn themselves a living. Just like their Japanese American air attendants, the women were highly discriminated against by the managers of the global factory. T hey were also subjected to hard work and poor working conditions as well as low wages. However, they did not have the opportunity to change their social status because the nature of their work did not give them enough money to live a decent life. These two studies enable us to better understand the position of the US in the international economy in that the US played the role of the employer in the two cases. The US is portrayed as having the means of production with other countries having the human capital in form of employees. Through the two studies, we are able to understand that the US was an economic giant in the globe due to its advanced technology and infrastructure. The nature and site of the workplace greatly shapes people’s relationship to their labor. It does so through shaping their lifestyle, thinking, perceptions and class formation. What this means is that the nature of work simply determines the nature of their life. Lavish work environments may socialize wor kers to live lavish lifestyle while unfriendly work environments may socialize workers to adopt miserable lifestyles. Taking the example of the plantation workers in Hawaii, the work environment was not very friendly. The nature of the work done by the Asian immigrants was purely manual with a lot of physical strain and in very unfriendly working conditions. The wages paid to the workers were also very low. As a result, they lived in deplorable housing conditions. They also suffered occasional illnesses due to bad whether in the plantations. Their low incomes did not allow them to interact with their American counterparts. The managers in fact established a caste system which categorized the workers in castes which were synonymous to social classes. The work environment of the Japanese American stewardesses on the other hand was of lavish nature. Their work was very light and involved less physical strain as compared to that of the plantation workers in Hawaii. They were not poorly remunerated and this enabled them to secure themselves decent housing and health. Their work involved interacting with the American elite mostly during flights. This enabled them to copy the lifestyles of first class American citizens even though they were second or third class citizens in the US. Due to their improved social status and reasonable income, some were able to get married to white Americans. Their improved status also made their employer stop some discriminatory practices against them such as the requirement to delay marriage or lose their jobs once they got married or when they became pregnant. A family is a social institution established by one or more individuals of the same or different gender. Family concerns for workers include marriage, relationships, children, spouses and family welfare in general. Every worker is a social being because he or she comes from a family. Most workers work to get some income so as to take care of their families. Family concerns there fore are very central to workers and cannot be wished away. So far we have studied a variety of workers, most of who are of Asian origin. The Japanese American stewardesses for instance were recruited while young. In fact, most of them did not have their own families but were lived with their parents. Their employer however had some discriminatory criteria for their recruitment. One of the requirements was that they were not supposed to be married or pregnant. This practice was carried for a while, but with time, they formed unions of airline attendants to champion for their labor rights. One of the issues which they were fighting for was the removal of the laws which prohibited them from getting married or becoming pregnant while at work. This was an indication that they were not only concerned with their pay or work environment but were also concerned about their family life and welfare. The immigrant garments workers on the other hand were exposed to hard working conditions by th eir employer. Due to their immigrant status, they were usually overworked and underpaid. The nature of their work therefore separated them with their families for prolonged periods, prompting them to form a union to champion for their rights including the right to get offs from their work so as to meet with their families. They also agitated for better pay so as to take good care their families (Louie 75). One of the prominent features in our discussions is race and nations of origin. Race is a prominent feature because the history of the Asian American is characterized by elements of racism. The Asian American first arrived to the United States as laborers and were therefore discriminated against by their white employers. They were also very poor and therefore not able to resist the discrimination for a long time. Most of the Filipino nurses moved to the United States to look for employment in US hospitals after being trained in Philippines nursing schools established by the US dur ing colonization. Since the US had colonized Philippines, it considered the Filipino nurses as nothing more than racial elements who were not capable of doing anything for themselves without the assistance of the US. They were therefore discriminated through low wages. They were also denied some employee rights such as the right of association and also the right to belong to employee unions. Just like the Filipino nurses, most of the plantation workers in Hawaii were of Asian origin, a race considered by the European Americans as good for nothing except for prostitution and superstition. The plantations where the Asian workers worked were owned by the white Americans, a situation which was very conducive for racism to thrive. The workers were subjected to all manner of discrimination based on their race. The managers categorized them into groups according to their countries of origin, with a view of preventing them from forming movements to resist the discrimination by the white man agers. Unlike their Filipino nurses counterparts, the plantation workers were not able to organize themselves into unions. This made their employer to treat them like mere slaves by increasing the levels of exploitation, purely on grounds of racism (Jung 23). Choy, Catherine. Empire of Care: Nursing and Migration in Filipino American History. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003. 18. Print. Jung, Moon. Reworking Race: The Making of Hawai’s Interracial Labor Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. 23. Print. Louie, Miriam. Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Women Workers Take on the Global Factory.Cambridge: South End Press, 2001. 75. Print. Yano, Christine. Airborne Dreams: â€Å"Nisei† Stewardesses and Pan American World Airways. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011.34. Print.

TwentyFour Years in the Life of Dr Faustus essays

TwentyFour Years in the Life of Dr Faustus essays Christopher Marlowes play Doctor Faustus is the story of a selfish Renaissance-era man who sold his soul to the devil in order to further his knowledge of things beyond mans normal state of being. Faustus was a doctor with a degree in divinity who was highly respected among his fellow scholars. Seemingly bored with the way his life was going, Faustus yearned for more knowledge. He gained a new interest in magic, and decided that if he were a magician, he could somehow learn all of the things he wanted to know. Lines, circles, letters, characters Ay, these are those that Faustus most desires. O, what a world of profit and delight, Is promised to the studious artisan! All things that move between the quiet poles Shall be at my command: emperors and kings Are but obeyed in their several provinces But his dominion that exceeds in this Stretcheth as far as doth the mind of man: Faustus proceeds to make a pact with Lucifer in which he surrenders up to him his soul So he will spare him four and twenty years. (I:III:89-90). Though Faustus had originally intended to use his newly acquired magic for good, he couldnt fight the urge to use his powers for jokes and trickery. During the course of the play, Faustus wastes his magic skills by playing tricks on important figures. In the presence of the Pope, Faustus makes himself invisible and proceeds to make various objects fly through the air to the amazement and awe of the crowd. When visiting the Emperor, he calls forth the spirit of Alexander the Great. Faustus becomes more and more obsessed with the idea of becoming all-powerful as the play wears on. The power he holds causes him to believe that he can eventually become either a go ...

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Pakistan Power 100 Gala Essay Example for Free

Pakistan Power 100 Gala Essay An occasion of pride with sense of triumph and feeling of respect and euphoria for every patriotic Pakistani, domestically and internationally ‘Pakistan Power 100 gala’ Launched by Carter-Anderson the British Pakistan Trust, a group of young professional men and women who strive to improve Pakistan’s image abroad and connect inspiring individuals so they can work for the betterment of all Pakistanis. Khalid Darr, a veteran who founded the Pakistan Power 100 Awards and won applauses for highlighting the role of Pakistanis in Britain; the prestigious award ceremony hosted by Pakistan Power 100 in London on September 29, attended by hundreds of prominent personalities from the international Pakistani community and a multitude of non-Pakistani invitees who came to show their support and to appreciate the achievements by Pakistanis and the British Pakistani community. It was a preeminent gala projecting a real and sanguine image of a progressive Pakistan and not only the award winners but the whole 33,000+ nominated power leaders were also being projected as the brand ambassadors of the ‘Brand Pakistan’. In my view just those 100 awardees are not the only power leaders representing Pakistan but the 33,000 nominated and many more who have dedicated their services to the communities in or outside Pakistan are all power leaders and brand ambassadors of the ‘BRAND PAKISTAN’. Some reservations have been expressed from different quarters of business and other segments of the society about the credibility of the whole process from nominations to the formation of judges’ panel (led by British investor James Caan) and to the final selections of awardees, I would not go into the details but must say that those awarded with power 100 awards definitely deserve it but there are many others who deserve this honor as well although choosing 100 out of more than 33000 is not an easy job but still I would say that there are some professionals who definitely are far better power leaders and more influential than some of those in the Power 100 list. Anyway public is the best judge so I better leave this issue for the public to decide and would like to move on to the auspicious event. The largest ever initiative of its kind in promoting the most influential Pakistani men and women within Britain; Pakistan Power 100, developed by the British Pakistan Trust, has a mission to honor the very highest levels of achievements from within the Pakistani community and to positively promote the outstanding contribution made by Pakistani men and women on a local, national, and international level. The trust is a non-profit organization that will use the Pakistan Power 100 list to generate funds contributing to the betterment of all Pakistanis. The illustrious ceremony began, after an intricate reception, the founder Khalid Darr welcomed the guests and was grateful to all the invitees and nominees for attending the ceremony and commenting on the importance of Power 100 Darr said, â€Å"To build a better Pakistan we need to learn the art of working together, we should seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. The Pakistani Diaspora across the world is a source of great strength for Pakistan and I believe that if we all come together to collectively use our intellectual and financial capital, we can bring significant and positive change to the people of Pakistan.† Pakistan Power 100 aimed to promote Pakistan to the global community, to showcase the greatest influencers and to work towards changing the perception of Pakistan through the highest achievers. The aim of awards should be to celebrate achievements and very rightly he said there are many ways this can be done, it doesn’t always have to be done at a glamorous event. After Darr’s patriotic speech, the awards were presented to the outstanding achievers in their respective fields. Since its inception Pakistan has been surrounded by countless issues including but not limited to ill-formed/missing infrastructure, insufficient refined resources, barren or obsolete factories and technologies, has been oscillating between civilian and military rulers and all these have contributed to the current prevailing chaos and pessimism among the masses for which people often say â€Å"don’t know how this country is surviving†, even many of us ready to go a step ahead to declare it a failed state. My words for them are; it will never be a failed state and not only it will survive  but will thrive and outshine in the galaxies of world nations, as long as we have a core group of dynamic Pakistani men women, representing a wide range of fields and sectors including politics, business, media, technology, culture, healthcare, and social welfare/philanthropy who, against all odds have been working hard for the betterment of state of affairs of Pakistanis. In recent years the once patriotic Pakistani Diaspora, although continuing to demonstrate a level of patriotism, has become more cynical towards Pakistan due to the regularity of damaging news stories about Pakistan which have caused great challenges for the country on a national and international level. This event brought sanguinity to the depressing Pakistani diaspora. These individuals are leaders, able to steer opinion and action towards the most positive possible outcomes in economic, social or cultural contexts. They are people who, either through position or personality exercise a significant power that influences events and sets parameters in the conduct of their organization, the climate of political debate and the shaping of new ideas. Pakistan Power 100 recognizes the most influential Pakistani men women internationally, whose exceptional work makes an enormous and essential contribution to the wealth, health and intellectual wellbeing of their respective communities. The purpose of these awards is to pay tribute to these and to inspire the upcoming generations to prepare Pakistan to face the upcoming challenges and responsibilities of global citizenship by bringing together the future power leaders from across the world to generate creative, cross-sect-oral approaches to leadership and problem solving; to build networks of trust across regional boundaries; and, to educate each other in the highest ideals of values-based intellectual capital. Influence is the act or power of producing an effect without apparent exertion of force or direct exercise of command. Societies around the globe are driven by influential people, objects and ideas from various sources. Highlighting any name here would be controversial except one for which no one will have any objection is the name of Mr. Abdul Sattar Edhi about whom Khalid Darr very rightly said â€Å"when talking about outstanding Pakistanis, the first name that comes to mind is the magnanimous Abdul Sattar Edhi†, who hardly managed to show up and take part at the event despite his sickness  and a hectic schedule. Mr. Edhi received the Humanitarian Lifetime Award for his lifelong commitment to bettering the lives of all Pakistanis. His devotion to the welfare of mankind was reflected in his selfless and heart-felt speech for which many of the attendees couldn’t control their tears and he received a standing ovation at the end. The overall purpose should be to highlight role models so that the next generation of young Pakistanis has mentors to motivate themselves and to change the perception of Pakistan across the globe and to reignite the collective consciousness. We need a stronger, more professional manner in which to promote the positive aspects of our culture and religion and the valued contribution our academics, doctors, professionals and business men women make to this country in which we live and work. The glamorous gala event was then concluded with a brilliant performance by Salman Ahmad. Alongside the Pakistan Power 100, Carter-Anderson also published several supplementary lists, including the Pakistan Power 100 Women, the Pakistan Past 50 list of influential Pakistanis from history, and the Pakistan Future 50, which will rank the top 50 up and coming young professionals in Pakistan today and the power 100 future leaders who are destined to become tomorrow’s leaders.