Analyses Corporate Tax Evasion

Question: Examine about the Analyses Corporate Tax Evasion. Answer: Presentation In various events, it has been discovered that number of the Australian firms apparently is occupied with the exercises related to move evaluating. In a few occurrences, it has been recognized that the Australian Tax Office (ATO) has asked a few Australian organizations, which is identified with tax avoidance and give method of reasoning to bring down benefit considerably in the wake of gaining significant measure of incomes. ATO has additionally expressed this as seeing the benefit to a lower degree and by receiving different kinds of intercompany costs being moved in the lower charge locales (McGuire, Wang and Wilson 2014). The principle part of the report is planned to compose a report to the Deputy Commissioner of Taxation. This is for the most part observed to be accomplished for the assessment of idea by the organization hypothesis in the various kinds of the Australia auxiliaries of the International enterprises. The fundamental ideas have been related to locate the changed scope of hypotheses, which are believed to be identified with the moving of the benefits to a lower charge locale (De Massis et al. 2014). The last piece of the report has been additionally meant to clarify the diverse contention dependent on the authenticity hypothesis which the ATO can use to support the different sort of the Australian organizations to record the distinctive part of the speculations which are believed to be identified with recording the compensation and the benefits of the charges in Australia. Report on utilizing the office hypothesis The idea of moving the benefits to a lower charge area is alluded to as move valuing. This is for the most part observed to be actualized by the organization to accomplish a higher level of the assessment unwinding than it is given in the host nations. The fundamental segment related to this idea talked about has been believed to be related to the various sorts of the important reason for diminishing the general pace of levies in the host nation. The primary goal of this examination is to decipher that the auxiliary organizations decide to move benefits to a lower charge locale to expand benefits (Bodie 2013). Organization cost supposedly is related to the cost, which has been related to an immediate pertinence with the various kinds of the connection of the information with the different sorts of the interior expenses. The diverse sort of the cost identified with this idea has been believed to be identified with in view of the head and specialist. This cost happens among the investors and the administration. It has been likewise observed that the investor recognized the different kinds of the cost requirements related to the organization hypothesis has been identified with the center expense due to the essential issues (Ewert and Niemann 2014). It has been additionally seen that the various kinds of the ideas under the office costing hypothesis has been recognized as far as standards pertinent to rise to development of the organization in an opportune premise. It has been additionally had the option to be recognized that the various sorts of the ideas identified with the organization hypo thesis in following of tax assessment costs. It has been believed to be favorable as far as comprehension of the various sorts of the relationship of the cost identified with the issues which are believed to be related to the implantation of the applicable expenses according to recommended by the organization hypothesis. It has been likewise observed that the various kinds of businesses situated in Australia has been believed to distinguish the different sorts of these hypotheses to follow and alleviate the different developing issues concerning this issue (Lee, Dobiyanski and Minton 2015). These are seen regarding the few kinds of the hypotheses, which are related to the various sorts of the ideas, for example, the concentration by the various kinds of the organizations for the issues related to the office issue. In a few sorts of different parts of the investigation it has had the option to be additionally observed that the various kinds of the issues related to the office issue h as had the option to be examined regarding the contemplations made as far as the accomplishing the significant subtleties helpful for the achievement of the business associations. The man point of the organization has been believed to be related to the various kinds of the ideas, which are identified with illuminate the different sorts of the issues by the fuse of the office hypothesis or presence of specialists (Hong et al. 2016). In the event of the little Australian organizations, the primary relationship of the office hypothesis has been distinguished in type of the favorable position, which is acquired by the auxiliary organizations in contrast with the huge associations. It has been additionally distinguished that the different kinds of the contemplations made by the enormous partnerships has been believed to be straightforwardly related to the various commitments of the licenses and the nonappearance of the tasks in a duty safe house area. In the previous case the auxiliary organizations has been believed to get the principle advantage identified with unravel the different kinds of the favorable circumstances which are believed to be made in the field of the expense commitments. As a rule, it has been distinguished that the different kinds of the auxiliary organization has been found as far as the favorable circumstances for its essence in the remote area. For this situation the auxiliaries of the univer sal organizations are believed to be related to certain extra source which are recognized to be especially gainful regarding the different sort of the contemplations which are found as far as points of interest identified with the accessibility of the different kinds of the contacts (Durnev, Li and Magnan 2017). It is additionally found as far as the specialists who can end up being useful regarding diminishing the different kinds of the related expenses. A portion of different advantages of the office hypothesis has been observed as far as the different kind of different advantages has been additionally been recognized as far as the few sorts viewpoints identified with positive conduct of the firm and structure of the administration (Dowling 2014). Clarification of authenticity hypothesis that the ATO could use to support Australian organizations The various kinds of the thought made regarding the authenticity hypothesis has been recognized as far as the different sorts of the preferences which are believed to be made according to the various kinds of the rules gave as far as the authenticity of the nation. The fundamental idea of the authenticity hypothesis has had the option to sum up the idea, which supposedly is related to the significant idea identified with the presumptions made as far as alluring, fitting and appropriate standards and qualities. In the commencement of the ideas expressed under the authoritative conduct, it has been recognized that the different sorts of the hierarchical has had the option to consolidate the significant hypothesis of the inheritance framework by guarantee legitimate account of various parts (Bradshaw, Liao and Ma 2016). To understand the various sorts of the thought made as far as the shirking for tax collection, Legitimacy hypothesis assumes an imperative job. Authenticity hypothesis h as the job of clarifying the conduct of associations in executing and creating willful social and ecological divulgence of data so as to satisfy their implicit understanding that empowers the acknowledgment of their destinations and the endurance in an anxious and fierce condition (Armstrong et al. 2015). The various kinds of the thought made in the authenticity hypothesis has been recognized in type of the different sorts of the arrangements which are related to determine the various sorts of the vital issues distinguished regarding the recognized regions, for example, the prerequisite to determine the important issues identified with the structure of the administration, transformative procedure. A portion of different favorable circumstances of this has been additionally found as far as the different sorts of the choices taken the administration to comprehend the different kinds of the issues related to the reasonable the assessments. The primary job of the authenticity hypothesis to urge Australian organizations to record their benefits is predominantly observed because of the shifted scope of the contemplations has been chiefly seen due its essential conduct (Badertscher, Katz and Rego 2013). The conceptualization of the authenticity hypothesis has had the option to clarify the di fferent sorts the speculations that are helpful in clarifying the different parts of the formative procedure. It has been additionally observed to be valuable for settling the different sorts the issues in the advancement of the general intentional social issues. These are believed to be identified with the different sorts of the ideas, for example, the social discernments and the various kinds of the assessment, which are believed to be made as far as the ecological exposure and the installment of the duties on schedule. In various event, it has been distinguished that the different kinds of the favorable circumstances seen to be related to the different sorts of the issues, which has been expressed according to the essential exposures of the different sorts of the data, related to the social recognitions (Lanis and Richardson 2015). This has been believed to directly affect the different sorts the part of the estimations of the associations. The general helpfulness of the authenti city hypothesis has been distinguished as far as the few sorts of the contemplations which are believed to be related to explain the different kinds of the issue related to unravel the different kinds of the significant ideas for the installment of the duties in normal premise. A portion of the significant ideas identified with the report has been found as far as the different kinds of the thought made in the disclosing the associations to determine the different sorts of the issues related to the assessment and recording of the equivalent (Tang et al., 2016). It has been seen that the diverse sort of the powerful jobs, which are believed to be played by the organizations, is legitimately applicable to the different kinds of the related issues identified with the account and the distinguishing proof of the few ty

Gender Roles in Hollywood Films

Sexual orientation Roles in Hollywood Films Development of Gender as Represented In Hollywood Film Hollywood’s capacity to represent or reflect society and history is one more factor in the investigation of mainstream society through their films. It is contended that Hollywood movies genuine traditionalist philosophies of sexism, yet in addition classism, male controlled society and bigotry (Ryan Kelner, 1990). One can maybe comprehend the impact of famous standard social structures and the challenges in disconnecting sex as the deciding variable in social relations in film on the off chance that I allude to the questionable lady focused film Waiting to Exhale (1995). A cheery examiner may have noticed that Waiting to Exhale is an engaging women's activist content, anyway the gadgets used to spoof and parody, albeit clever, are basically modified models and, as indicated by Bell Hooks (1997) are predicated upon switch dualisms of sexism and prejudice. Interestingly the focal hypothesis in women's activist film analysis is that standard mainstream society, in particular Hollywood film, neglects to challenge predominant male centric structures in the public arena, sexual orientation being the sole signifier inside traditional women's activist hypothesis. To stimulate sexual orientation banter exclusively on this single praxis is to strengthen the Enlightenment polarities that have educated old style scholars. In this way the consequences of private enterprise and bigotry are issues that have frequently been refuted, both by old style women's activist hypothesis and made undetectable inside standard mainstream society seemingly reifying industrialist and Eurocentric authority (on the same page. 1997). Harmonious to this examination, numerous contemporary scholars contend that sex isn't the sole determinant in portrayals of ladies and should accordingly be dissected as far as race and class. Henceforth portrayals in film are the aftereffects of triple philosophies, male controlled society, prejudice and private enterprise. This paper looks to address three key zones. The topic of gendering in Hollywood film, the extent of women's activists examination in distinguishing issues of race and class and the confinements of customary women's activist investigation in surveying these mind boggling issues. Catalog Snares, b. (1997) Reel to Real, Race, Sex and Class at the Movies London Routledge Kellner, D. Ryan, M. (1990) Camera Politica Bloomington Indiana University Press

Find out What a Sports Psychologist Does

Find out What a Sports Psychologist Does Student Resources Careers Print Role of a Sports Psychologist By Elizabeth Quinn Elizabeth Quinn is an exercise physiologist, sports medicine writer, and fitness consultant for corporate wellness and rehabilitation clinics. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Quinn Updated on May 09, 2019 Priscilla Gragg/Getty Images More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips From Athletic Insight - The Online Journal of Sport Psychology A psychologist is an individual who has completed graduate training in the field of psychology and is licensed by a specific state. In some states, individuals with a masters degree can become licensed psychologists while in others a doctoral degree is required. A sports psychologist is a psychologist with expertise in the following areas: Performance enhancement through the use of psychological skills training, and performance improvement, imagery, and  athletes self-talk.Issues that are specific to the psychological well-being of athletesWorking with the organizations and systems that are present in sport settingsSocial and developmental factors that influence sport participation While sports psychology is recognized as a specific field of study within the Kinesiology and Physical Education departments, it is not one of the traditional fields of practice offered by psychology graduate programs. For example, while one can obtain a graduate psychology degree with a concentration in children or substance abuse, the same can not be said of sports psychology. Although many psychology departments offer single courses in sports psychology, the opportunities for graduate-level degrees are few and far between. What Credentials Does a Sports Psychologist Need? At the present time, no credentials beyond a state license are needed in order to practice sports psychology. Ethically and practically speaking, you should have expertise in the above-mentioned areas. Division 47 (Sport and Exercise Psychology) of the American Psychological Association recently submitted a proposal for the establishment of a proficiency to the CRSPPP (Commission for the Recognition of Specialties and Proficiencies in Professional Psychology). Individuals offering sport psychology services would have to adhere to the standards set forth in this proficiency. Otherwise, they would risk being in violation of ethical guidelines which could result in the suspension and/or termination of ones license to practice. Although accreditation is not necessary, it does not mean that there are no benefits to becoming a certified sports psychologist. There are many organizations offering to certify individuals. The most reputable of these organizations is the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sports Psychology (AAASP). Designation as a Certified Consultant, AAASP carries the benefit of the possibility of being listed on the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) Sports Psychology Registry. This is a listing of individuals who are approved to work with Olympic athletes and National teams. For more information, you should visit the AAASP web site. How to Become a Sports Psychologist? Two basic qualifications are needed in order to become anything in life: education and experience. This holds true for becoming a sports psychologist as well. Sports Psychology  Education The educational opportunities for working as a sports psychologist are limited. Perhaps the best way to get into a top-flight graduate program is to go to a school that offers some formalized experience in the field. If your school doesn’t have a sports psychology major, we recommend that you stick with a psychology major and try to get experience however you can. Some graduate programs in psychology offer a concentration in sports psychology. To see a listing of these, you may want to consider purchasing Directory of Graduate Programs in Applied Sports Psychology by Michael Sachs. If you are in a graduate program at a school that offers only an introductory sports psychology course but it is something that genuinely interests you, we recommend that you speak with your department chair. Ask if there is any independent study classes or independent research classes that you can take to gain further knowledge of this field. The independent research class is especially useful since it will bring you into direct contact with athletes for the purposes of performance enhancement. Sports Psychology  Experience Perhaps one of the most difficult things to get in the field of sports psychology is the direct contact with athletes. You should work with a supervisor with an expertise in sports psychology and find a population to work with. There are different ways of getting experience. One way is to meet with the athletic director or their assistant to find coaches who are willing to support you. Some internship sites offer sports psychology training as part of their formal curriculum Many professional athletes and teams have realized the value of sports psychology and regularly make use of the services. However, they tend to use the well-established individual. When you start out, working with amateur and collegiate athletes is a good experience. In addition, writing is a great way to develop additional experience and to tell others about your accomplishments and areas of expertise.

Biography of Rita Levi-Montalcini, Nobel Prize Winner

Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012) was a Nobel Prize-winning neurologist who discovered and studied the Nerve Growth Factor, a critical chemical tool the human body uses to direct cell growth and build nerve networks. Born into a Jewish family in Italy, she survived the horrors of Hitlers Europe to make major contributions to research on cancer and Alzheimers disease. Fast Facts: Rita Levi-Montalcini Occupation: Nobel Prize winning neuroscientistKnown For: Discovering the first nerve growth factor (NGF)Born: April 22, 1909 in Turin, Italy  Parents Names: Adamo Levi and Adele MontalciniDied: December 30, 2012 in Rome, ItalyEducation: University of TurinKey Accomplishments: Nobel Prize in Medicine, U.S. National Medal of ScienceFamous Quote:  If I had not been discriminated against or had not suffered persecution, I would never have received the Nobel Prize. Early Years Rita Levi-Montalcini was born in Turin, Italy, on April 22, 1909. She was the youngest of four children from a well-to-do Italian Jewish family led by Adamo Levi, an electrical engineer, and Adele Montalcini, a painter. As was the custom in the early 20th century, Adamo discouraged Rita and her sisters Paola and Anna from entering college. Adamo felt that the womans role of raising a family was incompatible with creative expression and professional endeavors. Rita had other plans. At first, she wanted to be a philosopher, then decided she wasnt logically minded enough. Then, inspired by Swedish writer Selma Lagerlof, she considered a career in writing. After her governess died of cancer, however, Rita decided she would become a doctor, and in 1930, she entered the University of Turin at the age of 22. Ritas twin sister Paola went on to great success as an artist. Neither of the sisters married, a fact about which neither expressed any regret. Education Levi-Montalcinis first mentor at the University of Turin was Giuseppe Levi (no relation). Levi was a prominent neurohistologist who introduced Levi-Montalcini to the scientific study of the developing nervous system. She became an intern at the Institute of Anatomy at Turin, where she grew adept at histology, including techniques like staining nerve cells. Giuseppe Levi was known for being something of a tyrant, and he gave his mentee an impossible task: figure out how the convolutions of the human brain are formed. However, Levi-Montalcini was unable to obtain human fetal tissue in a country where abortion was illegal, so she dropped the research in favor of studying nervous system development in chick embryos. In 1936, Levi-Montalcini graduated from the University of Turin summa cum laude with a degree in Medicine and Surgery. She then enrolled in a three-year specialization in neurology and psychiatry. In 1938, Benito Mussolini banned  non-Aryans from academic and professional careers. Levi-Montalcini was working at a scientific institute in Belgium when Germany invaded that country in 1940, and she returned to Turin, where her family was considering emigrating to the United States. However, the Levi-Montalcinis ultimately decided to remain in Italy. In order to continue her research on chick embryos, Levi-Montalcini installed a small research unit at home in her bedroom.   World War II In 1941, heavy Allied bombing forced the family to abandon Turin and move to the countryside. Levi-Montalcini was able to continue her research until 1943, when the Germans invaded Italy. The family fled to Florence, where they lived in hiding until the end of World War II.   While in Florence, Levi-Montalcini worked as a medical doctor for a refugee camp and fought epidemics of infectious diseases and typhus. In May 1945, the war ended in Italy, and Levi-Montalcini and her family returned to Turin, where she resumed her academic positions and worked again with Giuseppe Levi. In the fall of 1947, she received an invitation from Professor Viktor Hamburger at the Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL) to work with him conducting research on chick embryo development. Levi-Montalcini accepted; she would remain at WUSTL until 1977.   Professional Career At WUSTL, Levi-Montalcini and Hamburger discovered a protein that, when released by cells, attracts nerve growth from nearby developing cells. In the early 1950s, she and biochemist Stanley Cohen isolated and described the chemical which became known as the Nerve Growth Factor.  Ã‚   Levi-Montalcini became an associate professor at WUSTL in 1956 and a full professor in 1961. In 1962, she helped establish the Institute of Cell Biology in Rome and became its first director. She retired from WUSTL in 1977, remaining as emerita there but splitting her time between Rome and St. Louis.   Nobel Prize and Politics In 1986, Levi-Montalcini and Cohen were together awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine. She was only the fourth woman to win a Nobel Prize. In 2002, she established the European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) in Rome, a non-profit center to foster and promote brain research.   In 2001, Italy made her a senator for life, a role which she did not take lightly. In 2006, at the age of 97, she held the deciding vote in the Italian parliament on a budget that was backed by the government of Roman Prodi. She threatened to withdraw her support unless the government reversed a last-minute decision to cut science funding. The funding was put back in, and the budget passed, despite attempts by the opposition leader Francesco Storace to silence her. Storace mockingly sent her crutches, stating that she was too old to vote and a crutch to an ailing government. At the age of 100, Levi-Montalcini was still going to work at the EBRI, now named after her.   Personal Life Levi-Montalcini never married and had no children. She was briefly engaged in medical school, but had no long-term romances. In a 1988 interview with Omni magazine, she commented that even marriages between two brilliant people might suffer because of resentment over unequal success.   She was, however, the author or co-author of over 20 popular books, including her own autobiography, and dozens of research studies. She received numerous scientific medals, including the United States National Medal of Science, presented to her at the White House by President Ronald Reagan in 1987. Famous Quotes In 1988, Scientific American asked 75 researchers their reasons for becoming a scientist. Levi-Montalcini gave the following reason:   The love for nerve cells, a thirst for unveiling the rules which control their growth and differentiation, and the pleasure of performing this task in defiance of the racial laws issued in 1939 by the Fascist regime were the driving forces which opened the doors for me of the Forbidden City. During a 1993 interview with Margaret Holloway for Scientific American, Levi-Montalcini mused:   If I had not been discriminated against or had not suffered persecution, I would never have received the Nobel Prize.   Levi-Montalcinis 2012 obituary in the New York Times included the following quote, from her autobiography: It is imperfection—not perfection—that is the end result of the program written into that formidably complex engine that is the human brain, and of the influences exerted upon us by the environment and whoever takes care of us during the long years of our physical, psychological and intellectual development. Legacy and Death Rita Levi-Montalcini died on December 30, 2012, at age 103, at her home in Rome. Her discovery of the Nerve Growth Factor, and the research that led to it, gave other researchers a new way to study and understand cancers (disorders of neural growth) and Alzheimers disease (degeneration of neurons). Her research created fresh pathways for developing groundbreaking therapies.   Levi-Montalcinis influence in nonprofit science efforts, refugee work, and mentoring students was considerable. Her 1988 autobiography is eminently readable and often assigned to beginning STEM students. Sources Abbott, Alison. Neuroscience: One Hundred Years of Rita. Nature 458 (1909): 564–67. Print.Aloe, L. Rita Levi-Montalcini and the Discovery of NGF, the First Nerve Cell Growth Factor. Archives Italiennes de Biologie 149.2 (2011): 175–81. Print.Arnheim, Rudolf, et al. Seventy-Five Reasons to Become a Scientist: American Scientist Celebrates Its Seventy-Fifth Anniversary. American Scientist 76.5 (1988): 450–63. Print.Carey, Benedict. Dr. Rita Levi-Montalcini, Nobel Winner, Dies at 103. The New York Times December 30, 2012, New York ed.: A17. Print.Holloway, Marguerite. Finding the Good in the Bad: A Profile of Rita Levi-Montalcini. Scientific American  (2012, originally published 1993). Print.Levi-Montalcini, Rita. In Praise of Imperfection: My Life and Work. Trans. Attardi, Luigi. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation 220: Basic Books, 1988. Print.Levi-Montalcini, Rita, and Stanley Cohen. Rita Levi-Montalcini—Facts. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986.  W eb.

The Value Of Service Quality Essay - 1783 Words

2.2.1.3 Consumer Online Repurchase (Continuance) According to ( Butcher ,2005 , and Hellier et al., 2003) defined repurchase intention as ‘the individual’s judgment about buying again a designated service from the same company, taking into accounts his or her current situation and likely circumstances’, and also regarded as a sound service outcome that is measurable, and intentions-as-expectations. Service quality has a significant effect on repurchase intention, through a direct link between service quality, Customer Satisfaction, and behavioral intentions Among the various behavioral intentions, considerable emphasis has been placed on the impact of service quality in determining repeat purchase, which the more satisfied the customers are the greater is their retention and customer loyalty, while service quality influences a customer’s subsequent behaviour, intentions and preferences. When a customer chooses a provider that provides service quality that meets or exceeds his or her expectations, he or she is more likely to choose the same provider again. In addition, the hospitality’s reputation plays an important role in determination of purchase, repeated purchase, and customer loyalty (Choi et al., 2004, Yongyui, Cronin, Jones and Farquhar, 2003, Brady and Hult, 2000). Psychological factors such as Satisfaction, confirmation and loyalty incentives as salient factors are impact affecting on consumer online repurchasing, and also product/service characteristics,Show MoreRelatedService Quality Is An Antecedent Of Perceived Value Essay1933 Words   |  8 PagesService quality is an antecedent of perceived value, and it will cause a significant influence on perceived value (Bojanic, 1996; Oh, 1999; Sweeney et al., 1999). 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Is Sex Education Necessary in School Free Essays

Is Sex Education Necessary in School? By: Zainul Jum’ah Introducing sex education in the schools of India is an important issue. A 2007 ministry of women and child development study shows that over 50 percent of children are sexually abused. Sex is still considered a taboo in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Sex Education Necessary in School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parents feel embarrassed to talk openly with their children in this regard. Due to the ignorance of sex education they fall victim to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Many NGOs are trying to create awareness on AIDS. Sex education can help people to take decisions regarding health and sexuality. It is high time for sex-education to the introduced in schools for the benefit of the youth of the country. Introducing sex-education in the schools of India is an important issue. Recommendations of the National curriculum frame work 2000 focus on cultivating a proper understanding of sex related issues with special focus on teenage pregnancies, drug addiction and adolescent education. A 2007 Ministry of women and child development study shows that over 50 percent of our children are sexually abused. In half of these cases, the abuse is perpetrated by persons in positions of trust and a majority of the children do not report it due to fear. Sex education has become a debatable issue. Many people feel that these kind of delicate issues should be left to the parents. Parents feel embarrassed to talk openly with their children in this regard. Sex is still considered a taboo in the Indian society. It is considered that teaching our children about their sexuality can break down pre-existing notions of modesty and tear the moral fabric of our society. But with the alarming increase of AIDS, unwanted / unplanned / unwed pregnancies and other diseases related to sex, it is important that sex-education should be given importance in schools and colleges. Physical and mental changes in children start appearing with puberty. Sexual development begins much earlier than that. Many children find it strange or difficult to cope up with the changes. They grow up with curiosity stamped on their minds. So it is very important to provide them sex education. It makes growing children aware of the various changes taking place in their bodies and prepare them for responsible adulthood. Surveys indicate that on an average, every urban student watches television for two hours daily. The foreign television channels, the vulgar scenes shown in Indian cinema and video albums create a negative impact on them. The movie and serials on the small screen stimulate the younger generation sexually. Thus in the absence of sound knowledge about sex they commit mistakes which result in unwanted pregnancies, HIV positive cases and other sexually transmitted diseases. In India 15 percent of the HIV/AIDS patients are actually children under 15 years of age. Sex education can help people to take decisions regarding health and sexuality. Teaching children about sex in classroom would encourage them to view it as a natural, normal and healthy part of life. Sex education should be introduced in schools and colleges. If children and youngsters learn about sex in scientific and objective way, they would be more careful before indulging in sex secretly. At least they would be careful to take precautions so as to avoid pregnancies and diseases. India, and most Asian countries, also fell behind Western countries on their level of confidence on how to protect themselves from HIV-AIDS (75. 3 percent), and even lower on level of confidence on how to avoid pregnancy (73 percent). Parents, in India, are known to hide their affection towards each other, in front of their children. The children grow up to believe that love is a taboo and it is perverse to display one’s affection in public. Parents should understand the psyche of their children. Parents should initiate their children in the meaning of love. The love they display for their children. y giving gifts, sharing and caring for them, should also be shown for each other by behaving like perfectly normal friends. Parents should talk with their children more often to give them the feeling of security in the family. This could make the children open up their problems and help the parents root out the cause. Interaction with the friends of their children also would give a n idea about their background and the minds of the younger lot. The parents should take in their children as confidants and warm them against developing friendships with immoral friends. There has been a rise in incidents of physical abuse to children. According to a WHO study over 50 percent children have faced one or more forms of sexual abuse. Children fall victim to the advances of elders. According to a survey, 50 percent children are abused by people known to them. They keep silent and live with the trauma throughout their lives. Sex education can supply our young people with the tools to report and resist abusive behaviors, and provide them with a forum for expressing their fears and feelings honestly and openly. In a world, full of exploitation, children are the most vulnerable section of our society. They need to be taught the difference between gentle touch and bad touch in order to protect themselves from various forms of child abuse. Many psychologists have argued that sex education has the potential to liberate us from socially organized sexual oppression. In addition it helps adolescents come to healthy terms with their sexual identities and overcome feelings of guilt shame. During the period of adolescence children begin to see the world in a mature way. Many NGOs have introduced training programs on AIDS and HIV awareness. They should be encouraged and the schools and colleges should co-operate with them to give the desired result. Schools life remains an integral part of every child’s development. Along with the academic subjects, sex-education should be given equal importance. Trained teachers, psychologists and medical consultants should deal with the subject. While imparting sex-education the boys and girls should be divided into two groups (one for boys and other for girls). They should be taught separately. This way the lady teachers should teach girls and male teachers should teach boys. Children will not feel embarrassed. They will freely clarify their doubts and queries. Due care should be taken about the contents of the subject. This should be decided by a team of doctors and psychologists of the respective field. It is high time for sex-education to be introduced in the educational curriculum. Sex education in schools would dispel many of the myths prevalent among school children. It will create a liberal thinking among youth. How to cite Is Sex Education Necessary in School, Papers

Understanding Race and Racism

The term homophobia refers to a set of negative feelings towards people who engage in same sex relationships (homosexuals and lesbians). In most cases, homophobic people are usually heterosexuals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Race and Racism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Homophobia is expressed in various forms including hatred, prejudice and discrimination among others. The worst forms of homophobia are the stigmatization and isolation or exclusion of homosexuals and lesbians from the society (Rothenberg, 2009). Sexism on the other hand is the discrimination of people based on their sex. The discrimination may take the form of inequality between males and females in a society, where men can have more power than women. Sexism can be institutionalized and when this happens, women are discriminated in various fields such as in management, education, politics and the economy, where by men dominat e the most rewarding jobs leaving women to do the less rewarding jobs. Even in situations where men and women do the same jobs, the men are given a better payment than the women (Rothenberg, 2009). Homophobia is a form of sexism because it is based on the principle of intolerance to a particular sex and sexual orientation. With homophobia, heterosexual men fear or hate lesbian women due to the belief that the lesbian women may reduce the opportunities for men to have women as sexual partners. A good example to illustrate this is a male homophobic manager of an organization. This particular manager may not be in peace working with or employing lesbian women. Homophobia and sexism have been classified as hate crimes in the United States In a society, there are two groups of people. They include the dominant and the subordinate groups. A dominant group is defined as the most powerful group in a society. This group enjoys the highest social status and has access to unlimited privileges. A subordinate group refers to a group of people within a society who due to their physical and social characteristics are singled out for unfair treatment.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This group is also subjected to various forms of discrimination by the dominant group. The defining criteria in the formation of the two groups include race, ethnicity and skin color. Others include colonization, migration and annexation. In the United States, the dominant groups are characterized by skin color and ethnicity. Basically, the White Americans are classified as the dominant group. Their ethnicities include British, Germans, Norwegians, Irish, French, the Dutch and Polish (Rothenberg, 2009). They are categorized as the dominant group because they were the ones who played a major role in the attainment of American Independence form the Great Britain. They are also very rich, highly educated and enjoy a high social status. They also do white color jobs and always hold positions of leadership in political, social and economic spheres (Rothenberg, 2009). The subordinate group comprise the African Americans, the Asian Americans, Latin Americans, Spanish and Jewish Americans. These are the people whose skin color is different from that of the White Americans. They are not as economically stable as the White Americans. In most cases, they do casual jobs especially in the plantations, factories, airlines and in the hospitality sector. One example of how the two groups have an impact on each other is their economic relationship. The dominant group owns the means of production. As a result, it usually employs the subordinate group to do the casual jobs as the dominant group takes the leadership and management positions in various sectors of the economy. Another example is intermarriages. Due to differences in social status, education and wealth, members from each group usually intermarry, that is, members of the dominant group marry from the dominant group while members of the subordinate group marry from the subordinate group. Due to this, the differences between them are sustained. However, the intermarriage between White Americans and other Americans has reduced the levels of discrimination and prejudice among the two groups (Rothenberg, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Race and Racism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference Rothenberg, P.S. (2009). Race, class, and gender in the United States. (8th Edn). Walton: Mac higher publishers. This essay on Understanding Race and Racism was written and submitted by user Lilia Ramos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Claiming To Be and Stating That

Claiming To Be and Stating That Claiming To Be and Stating That Claiming To Be and Stating That By Maeve Maddox Recently I’ve noticed the phrase â€Å"stating to be† in contexts that call for either â€Å"claiming to be† or â€Å"stating that.† For example: This Buffalo, NY church has a plaque  stating to be  a nuclear weapon free zone.   Should you be approached by any persons stating to be appointed agency/representative of Qatar Airways, they should be considered as fraudulent. Be suspicious of emails stating to be from a financial institution, government agency, or anyone requesting account information, account verification, or banking access credentials.   The meaning of to state in these contexts is â€Å"to declare in words; to represent a matter.† Used with this meaning, the participle stating usually introduces a noun clause, not an infinitive, as in this example. The  scam  is usually introduced by a letter  stating that  the writer has access to huge  sums of government money ranging from $25 million to $80 million. The example about the plaque can be rewritten this way: This Buffalo, NY church has a plaque  stating that the church is a nuclear- weapon-free zone.   The verb claim, on the other hand, is often followed by an infinitive, as in these examples: The punishment for an individual falsely claiming to be a broker or salesperson is a fine of up to $20,000 or imprisonment up to six months, or both. A street firm employee  claiming to know  about the trades volunteered information to the SEC New. York office.  Ã‚   Before the pilot program the District paid ditchriders overtime, although claiming to believe that  their work qualified for the irrigation exemption. The verb claim is used with different meanings, but in the context of an assertion about credentials, knowledge, or belief, it conveys a connotation of dubiousness. The other two examples given at the beginning of this post can be improved by changing stating to claiming: Should you be approached by any persons claiming to be appointed agency/representative of Qatar Airways, they should be considered as fraudulent. Be suspicious of emails claiming to be from a financial institution, government agency, or anyone requesting account information, account verification, or banking access credentials.   At present, the odd construction â€Å"stating to be† brings up only 332,000 search results compared to 14,200,000 for â€Å"claiming to be† and 40,200,000 for â€Å"stating that.† However, a search limited to specific years indicates that â€Å"stating to be† has been rising in frequency on the Web since 1990. Bottom line: Generally speaking, claim and state are synonyms, but synonyms are not always interchangeable. Connotation matters, as does syntax. In the context of fraud, the phrase â€Å"claiming to be† is the better choice. Related post When a Synonym Isn’t Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsWhat is Dative Case?The Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Argumentative Writing with Stylistic Devices

Argumentative Writing with Stylistic Devices Argumentative Writing with Stylistic Devices The fact that argumentative papers are actually the most difficult papers to write is very common. However, there are many things involved in writing such. On many occasions when you are putting up an argument, people are not buying what you are writing or saying just because it is the truth. Readers usually tend to look at the beauty of what you are putting into words and how sophisticated and stylish it is. This is why you have to do everything possible to garnish your argumentative paper with numerous stylistic devices. There are many of them, but we will treat only 7 of the most popular ones. Rhetorical question This is actually one of the best stylistic devices you can attract attention to your argument with. It is the concept of asking questions for the simple sake of making an effect, and not because you need an answer. It is used to emphasize a thing that is already known, and it does the job of drawing attention or making the audience reflect over the mentioned issue. For example, who will defend the poor if the government does not involve itself in it?. Metaphor This is another great stylistic device. Here, you try to identify a word or phrase as a similar thing to something it does not have any relationship with. It is still a rhetorical tool used to draw attention to a particular situation. It simply highlights the similarities between the two, which may not be existent after all. An example of a metaphor is orange is the new black. Parallelism This is another great device you must form the habit of using here. You try to draw some parallel between parts of the same sentence. It involves using similar structure/construction in several clauses. This is mainly used to give a good pattern to the passage. An example is what you do in the dark will be revealed, what you do in the open will be revealed. Irony Irony is a good device that entails using an expression to give an opposite meaning. Here, what you say is exactly the opposite of what you mean. This is used to show some emphasis and actually bring some level of humor to your argumentative essay. For example, I hate life because it is very sweet. Repetition Another very important device that is used in the course of argumentative essays. Here, you simply repeat words within the same poetic line or within the same sentence in no particular order. This has a way of making the sentence or even phrases very emphatic and also beautiful to read. Many people do not see this as a stylistic device or figure of speech, but that is actually what it is. For instance what is worth doing is worth doing well. Personification This is described as the concept of attributing the characteristics of human beings to animals and inanimate objects. You make it look as if they have human feelings and behavior. This will always make your narrative more lively and interesting. And that is what your argumentative essay needs to make it less official-like and more reader-friendly. An example is â€Å"The proofs hang over this statement to crash it when the time comes. Hyperbole This is the stylistic device for argumentative writing that is also known as deliberate exaggeration. It is seldom used, and it simply means the use of highly exaggerated terms to draw emphasis and attention to your message. An example is The room was seemingly capable of holding millions of people. So, all in all if you are good at argumentative paper writing without these stylistic devices, it’s certainly more than great. But, in case you are eager to emphasize the message and strengthen your persuasion, these are the tools you must use. Make your academic writing more efficient with the means of stylistics.

Boeing Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Boeing Company - Case Study Example Louis, James Hoard who was building trainers in Los Angeles and Howard Hughes. In later years the company combined to form the present day Boeing Company. Boeing business serves across the continent enjoying a wide variety of customers ranging from government agencies, military departments and at the same time commercial customers. Boeing Company employs more than 170,000 employees both in the United States and 70 other countries. In 2013 the company stock price was $ 134. 72. In 2012 the company stock price was $ 75.88; Boeing company stock price as of 2011 was $ 70.22. The company net profit as of 2012 was 5.24% which was $ 49.1 billion. Boeing company assets fall into two major segment which are the Aircraft financial services and defense, space and security financial services. The Boeing business is relevant to me as it offers a unique opportunity to study one of the world successful companies which has been in existence for a while. On this regard it is my goal to learn the mana gement technique on the same and thus as a result, in future, be in a position to form my own company and apply the skills. Transport supply and demand have a reciprocal but asymmetric relation, the re demand must be there in order for supply to take place. Since Boeing company inception the company has seen different aspect of fluctuation in demand over the years, but one thing that is adamant is the fact that the company has continued to thrive well in thee ever rising competitive market. In their company mission and goal, the company has set to always ensure quality service to their potential customers. The company has over the year invested a lot of money in many projects all with the same purpose to ensure that they attract many customers and at the same offer reasonable prices that will in turn attracts the customers. The company like any other company tries to take charge of their prices and as result ensures high rate of profit generalization, doing this poses some challenge due factors such weak economy fluctuation of oil price, external competition. The company tries to vary their prices with different time, the company price are never fixed, this serve the purpose of ensuring that at all times their prices are relatively fair and as a result attract most of the customers. The company engages in high rate of product development due to the high economic demand, where new airplanes are being produced on a continuous basis. This serves to meet the company ever rising demand for their products and services. The company thus is in a position to set their own prices, take charge of the prices and as a result invest in profit mobilization. The company invests a lot in advertising as a way of reaching to their potential customers and marketing themselves on a global scale. Adverting is done through social media such Facebook and twitter, continuous advertising through television and the internet among many other. Boeing company faces current issues and legal warfare like for instance the company engages in a subsidy dispute where in 2004 the EU and USA where it was discusses that all forms of subsidies of Boeing 787 be revised. This formed a

The perfect aspect of the English language Research Paper

The perfect aspect of the English language - Research Paper Example The research took a total of five sources to come up with its findings. Below is a brief description of the five sources. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax is an online journal that talks about the principles and procedures by which English sentences are constructed. Noam Chomsky is the person responsible for coming up with the journal. Bidirectional Interpretation of Tense and Aspect is also an online journal that describes an application of theory of contextual interpretation of English tense and aspect. Stephen Pulman and James Thomas are responsible for coming up with the journal. Grammatical Aspect in English and Kurdish is a journal regarding the formal properties of English language. The journal states that English aspects refer to tenses and moods in the English language. The journal was written by Saza Ahmed Fakhrie. Understanding English Language Learners’ is also an online journal that talks of the aspects of the English language. Alicja Rieger is the person responsib le for writing the journal. Aspect in English, on the other hand, is a book that presents a precise approach to one of the most contentious problems in English. According to the book, aspect is the result of a faint and complex interaction between nouns in a sentence and the referents of verbs. In linguistics, the perfect refers to a blend of aspect and tense. Grammar or perfect calls a viewer’s attention to the consequences, at some moment of perception, caused by a prior condition, rather than just to the condition itself. The moment of perception is set by the tense of the helping verb (Smith 4). The aspect and the tense are usually combined into a sole tense-aspect form. This is the past perfect also referred to as the pluperfect, the present perfect, or the future perfect (Thomas 2). The perfect is different from the perfective that marks a condition as a single event, with no inner structure. An English sentence in the perfect aspect cannot be in the perfective. The perfect can talk about events in the past that have been completed, for instance â€Å"He has already taken his dinner†. The perfect can also talk about events that are continuous, for instance â€Å"He had been working on this story for a whole year† as well as â€Å"He has composed operas for two decades†. All these sentences are described by continual relevance to the narrator at the moment of perspective. The perfect contrasts with the prospective. The prospective encodes an anticipation of a future event or present relevance event. The perfect is a relatively uniform group of cross-linguists. However, its relation to the experiential and resultative aspects is difficult. The last two are not simply limited cases of the perfect. The perfect in English is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb "to have" and adding the verb's past tense form. Doing words in the perfect tense can be in the passive active or voice. Active verbs join "to have" with the past tense form of the main verb ‘have done’, for example, "they have done loads of work". Passive verbs in the perfect needs at least two past participle verb forms that are "been", the past participle of "to be", as well as the past tense of the main verb "has been seen". For instance, "Allan has been seen by the physician". The joining of the verb "to have" establishes the tense of the overall construction. These can be concluded as â€Å"

To Kill A Mockingbird The Maturing of Jem Finch Essay examples -- Kil

To Kill A Mockingbird   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The Maturing of Jem Finch   Ã‚  Ã‚   Society is not as innocent to a child as it may appear to be. In fact, when one really understands the society in which he lives he is no longer a child. This is much the same case as found in To Kill A Mockingbird, by Leigh Harper. Although Jem, being a child at the beginning of the novel, is immature and unaware of the society in which he lives, he matures mentally to the point where he sees the evil in society and gains a knowledge of death.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Like most children, at the beginning of To Kill A Mockingbird Jem and Scout are both young, play together, and have childhood monsters or fears like other children. Primarily, in To Kill A Mockingbird, Jem is young. Scout states their age when it supposedly all starts: "When I was almost six and Jem was almost ten..." (10). Here Jem is only nine years old and therefore still a moderately young child; it is assumed he is therefore immature. Jem also spends his time playing with his five year old sister. This also occurs very early in the novel: "Early one morning as we were beginning our day's play in the back yard, Jem and I heard something next door in Miss Rachel Haverford's collard patch." (11). As the novel progresses, Jem no longer plays with his sister Scout, but he is doing so at this point and he would appear to anyone as one child playing with his sister. Lastly, Jem has childhood fears like most any child does. All children have their fears or monsters. In Jem's case it i rthur Radley, commonly known as Boo:   Ã‚  Ã‚   " Let's try and make him come out..."   Ã‚  Ã‚   Jem said if he... ...ttacked by the vengeful Bob Ewell:   Ã‚  Ã‚   We were nearly to the road when I felt Jem's hand leave me, felt him   Ã‚  Ã‚   jerk back- wards to the ground. More scuffling, and there came a dull   Ã‚  Ã‚   crunching sound Jem screamed. (265)   Ã‚  Ã‚   Here Jem gains an awareness of his own life, his own mortality. These three deaths each had a their own individual effect on Jem, but Jem definitely gained an accomplished knowledge of death. Thus, Jem is a child at the beginning of To Kill A Mockingbird but does mature, gaining a sense of the society surrounding him and a knowledge, or a mature awareness, of death. Jem doesn't gain these mental developements easily but through much struggling, and this is exactly what To Kill A Mockingbird is all about; a struggle with society and learning by placing one's self in another's shoes.

Ethics Game Dilemmas Essay

After completing the ethics games and answering the questions regarding two different dilemma faced by the company G-BioSports, I have compiled this report to present the issues that were brought up in both scenarios. The situations were taken from the point of view of the Associate Director of Operations if the company and the goal was to enforce the company policies, keep the company safe from any lawsuits, act fairly, and come up with the best solution for all parties involved. It is well known that what is legal may or may not be ethical (Trevino, 2011). According to Loyola Marymount University, there is a three-step strategy to resolve ethical problems. Step one is to analyze the consequences, step two analyze the actions, and step three to make a decision. (Loyola, 2009) Mysterious Blogger The ethical dilemma faced by G-BioSports is that one of the employees has been posting blogs regarding company products and safety procedures. However, none of the blog posts were particularl y harmful to the company. This issue is ranked one of the â€Å"ten issues raised by IT capabilities.† The issue is privacy: does information’s availability justify its use? (techrepublic.com, 2006) The subsequent issue involved an anonymous email sent by an IT employee named Jamal Moore. He bypassed company security procedures to illegally access company intranet and track blogging from a home PC, as well as sending an anonymous email to expose the blogger. After further review of all email documents, the next step was to determine what company policies had been undermined by these actions. In regards to the anonymous email sent by Jamal, company policy states that â€Å"email transmissions sent outside of our intranet raise confidentiality concerns.† As well as, â€Å"There is a legitimate concern about the security of external email.† Jamal is therefore breaking the company code of conduct for using company resources on his home computer, as well as bypassing security protocols due to his IT knowledge. Aaron also violated the company’s Confidential Information section of policy which reads, â€Å"Also, employees may not discuss the company’s business, information, or prospects in any chat room, or web log (blog), regardless of whether t hey use their own name or a pseudonym.† These policies show that Aaron’s actions violate the contractual agreement forbidding him to expose company information, even if it is for a non-threatening purpose. Both cases should result in some form of disciplinary action. In order to fairly justify the disciplinary action  performed all parties involved must be identified, ranking them from highest to lowest impact. After analyzing the effects on all people involved, diagnosing and comparing possible solutions to disciplinary measures must be tackled. The final step would be in implementing the best course of action which meets all goals and would best suite our company and its values. It was helpful when reviewing each solution, to choose an ethical perspective or lens to identify the best course of action from a non-personal standpoint. When evaluating the situation, I examined each of the different perspectives of each ethical lens and how our company’s values could be incorporated into each lens. The Rights and Responsibility lens best fit our company’s overall position on ethical issues (Trevino, 2011). Veiled ID The second ethical simulation examines different aspects of diversity and corporate ethical standards. The incident involved a former employee break-in to company premises and assaulting a current employee who was hospitalized. New security measures need to be implemented in order to prevent any future security breaches. The decision was made to create security measures that will require all employees to carry a photo ID badge to grant access into company facilities. Aisha Mullah, a valued employee for many years, has an ethical inquiry about the photo ID system. Aisha practices the Muslim faith and it is a strict religious requirement that her face must be covered at all times, including in photos. The ethical issue at hand is how to develop a security policy that protects the safety of our employees and accommodates anyone with special needs similar to hers. G-BioSports new security measures should improve employee safety as well as create a good work environment for success. The first step in the decision making process is determining the ethical issue or dilemma. In Aisha’s case, the implementation of photo ID’s for security purposes will create a problem due to her religious beliefs. G-BioSports code of ethics guidelines states, Equal Employment Opportunity and Diversity that, â€Å"Promoting diversity within our workforce is important†. It also states â€Å"G-BioSports strictly prohibits discrimination or harassment on the basis of gender, gender identity, race, color, veteran status, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, mental, or physical disability†. After thorough evaluation of all possible ethical perspectives and issues, I believe the  relationship lens is the correct procedure to follow. This lens would tell us that because our relationship with our employees is necessary to maintain a safe, productive, and morally structured environment we need to take special needs of employees in consideration. This employee needs leniency on the security policy in order to maintain her religious views, but the rest of the company would still follow the ID policy. This way the group as a whole will benefit from the security measures and the relationship with the employee with special needs will be satisfied. Any future ethical problems that arise can be handled in a similar way and employees will feel comfortab le presenting issues they are experiencing with management. Personal Relation The ethical issues that were discussed related to my company in that many employees of my company are from different cultural backgrounds, religions, and have different sexual preferences. Discrimination is definitely something that could be a major problem with the group of individuals that work for the company but the accepting policies and procedures allow for everyone to fit in and feel comfortable. There is no need to hide anything about our personal background in order to get the job or to keep your current without being discriminated against. References Loyola Marymount University. (2009). Resolving an ethical dilemma. Retrieved from http://www.lmu.edu/Page27945.aspx Techrepublic.com. (August 15, 2006. 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers. Retrieved from http://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-ethical-issues-confronting-it-managers/6105942 Trevino, L.K. & Nelson, K.A. (2011). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Operations Management - iPhone Supply Chain Management and Networks Free Essay Example, 2500 words

For example, it has been submitted that Apple’s continuous diversification and horizontal integration of effective supply chain management has cemented its position as a central digital player and thereby enhances brand value: â€Å"Competitive advantages such as brand recognition can last a long time and may take a few years to deteriorate† (Hitt. , Black. , & Porter, 2005). If we consider this in context of the 21st century business model, Schumpeter’s proposition clearly remain relevant to operations management and the supply chain network. For example, the manufacturing and service industries are characterised by short product life cycles and large budget requirements for research and development, fuelled by changing consumer habits and requirements (Smith, R.D. 2006). Schumpeter further distinguished between different types of innovation through the creation of novel combinations using existing knowledge, for example the iPhone, which is further evidenced by its sales figures. When the Apple iPhone debuted, it sold 270,000 units at a pace of 150 per minute in thirty hours, each price before contract fees at 499 -599. By early September, the sales had crossed the one million mark, which far outstripped the adoption rate for the original iPod. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management - 'iPhone' Supply Chain Management and Networks or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Apple then cut the iPhone’s price by $200 and the price doubled (Trebilcock, 2007). By the year’s end, industry analysts predicted that global consumers would have purchased three million iPhones, with an approximate further seven million in 2008 (Trebilcock, 2007). Moreover, in 2007, Apple finished the year in its fiscal fourth quarter with record revenue and profits. It has been submitted that a central element of this success is logistics management and understanding of the global supply chain (Trebilcock, 2007). Indeed, in the annual supply chain top 25 report 2007, AMR Research praised Apple for superior supply chain capabilities with the iPhone and performance, ranking the consumer maker second in a list of retail and manufacturing heavyweights (AMR Research, 2007 available at www. amrresearch. com/supplychaintop25). From practical perspective, prior to sales of iPhone, it was considered an innovative victory of design and functionality and brand value (Trebilcock, 2007). As with other products such as Xbox, PlayStation3 and Wii, analysts expected shortages when phones went onto sale but this didn’t happen and it has been argued that this pertains to the triumph of the supply chain management as emphasised by Michael Levi, director of operations and solutions strategy at i2 Technologies (quoted in Trebilcock, 2007).