Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example The Balanced Scorecard is one of the contemporary performance measure systems that the managers engage to gain operational performance insights from various departments of the organization. The Balance Scorecard embraces almost all the facets of an organization and renders more valuable information to managers concerning various critical organizational decisions. Dilanthi et al. propound that, "BSC is a management framework that measures the economic and operating performance of an organization [and] is intended to link short-term operational control to the long-term vision and strategy of the business" (183). Hence, the balanced scorecard basically provides a management tool to gauge the organizational performance by means of a unique approach. The most eminent feature of balanced scorecard measure is that rather than focusing on a single aspect, it encompasses all the major elements that have a significant impact upon of the organization's performance. Bryant, Jones and Widener (2004, p108) illustrate this point as that, "firms implement a BSC by selecting both financial and non-financial measures across four hierarchical perspectives: learning and growth, internal business processes, customer, and financial". Hence, the BSC measure rests on evaluating the performance of a firm on four distinct perspectives. Although the performance is also gauged in terms of financial perspective but it is not done exclusively. It is combined with other significant angles viz., learning and growth, customer, and internal business process etc. Dilanthi et al. suggest that, "non-financial measures, such as customer retention, employee turnover, and number of new products developed these measures serve as predictors of future financial perf ormance" (183). It implies that even the non-financial measures in BSC contribute to the future financial success of the company. This consideration and emphasis on non-financial elements in performance measurement also happens to be one of the major criticisms of the traditional performance measures, which led to the development of BSC measure. Yeniyurt assets that, "one major criticism to traditional metrics is that they do not consider non financial performance measures such as customer satisfaction, process efficiency and rate of innovation" (135). The Business Scorecard measures guides the organization in critical decision-making concerning employee management through learning and growth, unveiling of new products and services through internal business processes, estimating performance targets for the enhancement of customer experience and finally the financial perspective encompassing the financial position of an organization i.e., profits, losses and various costs (Bryant, Jones and Widener). Self identifies that in BSC, "we not only decide what measures are important; we also state unequivocally what constitutes success for each measurement. each year we can literally see how well we have done." (101-102). It means that in balanced scorecard measure, an organization defines its performance measures and sets goals on the performance level to be achieved on each particular measure. This makes a company analyze its performance at the end of the year against the targets established and targets achieved so that it can realize the elements that need to

Pakistan Power 100 Gala Essay Example for Free

Pakistan Power 100 Gala Essay An occasion of pride with sense of triumph and feeling of respect and euphoria for every patriotic Pakistani, domestically and internationally ‘Pakistan Power 100 gala’ Launched by Carter-Anderson the British Pakistan Trust, a group of young professional men and women who strive to improve Pakistan’s image abroad and connect inspiring individuals so they can work for the betterment of all Pakistanis. Khalid Darr, a veteran who founded the Pakistan Power 100 Awards and won applauses for highlighting the role of Pakistanis in Britain; the prestigious award ceremony hosted by Pakistan Power 100 in London on September 29, attended by hundreds of prominent personalities from the international Pakistani community and a multitude of non-Pakistani invitees who came to show their support and to appreciate the achievements by Pakistanis and the British Pakistani community. It was a preeminent gala projecting a real and sanguine image of a progressive Pakistan and not only the award winners but the whole 33,000+ nominated power leaders were also being projected as the brand ambassadors of the ‘Brand Pakistan’. In my view just those 100 awardees are not the only power leaders representing Pakistan but the 33,000 nominated and many more who have dedicated their services to the communities in or outside Pakistan are all power leaders and brand ambassadors of the ‘BRAND PAKISTAN’. Some reservations have been expressed from different quarters of business and other segments of the society about the credibility of the whole process from nominations to the formation of judges’ panel (led by British investor James Caan) and to the final selections of awardees, I would not go into the details but must say that those awarded with power 100 awards definitely deserve it but there are many others who deserve this honor as well although choosing 100 out of more than 33000 is not an easy job but still I would say that there are some professionals who definitely are far better power leaders and more influential than some of those in the Power 100 list. Anyway public is the best judge so I better leave this issue for the public to decide and would like to move on to the auspicious event. The largest ever initiative of its kind in promoting the most influential Pakistani men and women within Britain; Pakistan Power 100, developed by the British Pakistan Trust, has a mission to honor the very highest levels of achievements from within the Pakistani community and to positively promote the outstanding contribution made by Pakistani men and women on a local, national, and international level. The trust is a non-profit organization that will use the Pakistan Power 100 list to generate funds contributing to the betterment of all Pakistanis. The illustrious ceremony began, after an intricate reception, the founder Khalid Darr welcomed the guests and was grateful to all the invitees and nominees for attending the ceremony and commenting on the importance of Power 100 Darr said, â€Å"To build a better Pakistan we need to learn the art of working together, we should seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. The Pakistani Diaspora across the world is a source of great strength for Pakistan and I believe that if we all come together to collectively use our intellectual and financial capital, we can bring significant and positive change to the people of Pakistan.† Pakistan Power 100 aimed to promote Pakistan to the global community, to showcase the greatest influencers and to work towards changing the perception of Pakistan through the highest achievers. The aim of awards should be to celebrate achievements and very rightly he said there are many ways this can be done, it doesn’t always have to be done at a glamorous event. After Darr’s patriotic speech, the awards were presented to the outstanding achievers in their respective fields. Since its inception Pakistan has been surrounded by countless issues including but not limited to ill-formed/missing infrastructure, insufficient refined resources, barren or obsolete factories and technologies, has been oscillating between civilian and military rulers and all these have contributed to the current prevailing chaos and pessimism among the masses for which people often say â€Å"don’t know how this country is surviving†, even many of us ready to go a step ahead to declare it a failed state. My words for them are; it will never be a failed state and not only it will survive  but will thrive and outshine in the galaxies of world nations, as long as we have a core group of dynamic Pakistani men women, representing a wide range of fields and sectors including politics, business, media, technology, culture, healthcare, and social welfare/philanthropy who, against all odds have been working hard for the betterment of state of affairs of Pakistanis. In recent years the once patriotic Pakistani Diaspora, although continuing to demonstrate a level of patriotism, has become more cynical towards Pakistan due to the regularity of damaging news stories about Pakistan which have caused great challenges for the country on a national and international level. This event brought sanguinity to the depressing Pakistani diaspora. These individuals are leaders, able to steer opinion and action towards the most positive possible outcomes in economic, social or cultural contexts. They are people who, either through position or personality exercise a significant power that influences events and sets parameters in the conduct of their organization, the climate of political debate and the shaping of new ideas. Pakistan Power 100 recognizes the most influential Pakistani men women internationally, whose exceptional work makes an enormous and essential contribution to the wealth, health and intellectual wellbeing of their respective communities. The purpose of these awards is to pay tribute to these and to inspire the upcoming generations to prepare Pakistan to face the upcoming challenges and responsibilities of global citizenship by bringing together the future power leaders from across the world to generate creative, cross-sect-oral approaches to leadership and problem solving; to build networks of trust across regional boundaries; and, to educate each other in the highest ideals of values-based intellectual capital. Influence is the act or power of producing an effect without apparent exertion of force or direct exercise of command. Societies around the globe are driven by influential people, objects and ideas from various sources. Highlighting any name here would be controversial except one for which no one will have any objection is the name of Mr. Abdul Sattar Edhi about whom Khalid Darr very rightly said â€Å"when talking about outstanding Pakistanis, the first name that comes to mind is the magnanimous Abdul Sattar Edhi†, who hardly managed to show up and take part at the event despite his sickness  and a hectic schedule. Mr. Edhi received the Humanitarian Lifetime Award for his lifelong commitment to bettering the lives of all Pakistanis. His devotion to the welfare of mankind was reflected in his selfless and heart-felt speech for which many of the attendees couldn’t control their tears and he received a standing ovation at the end. The overall purpose should be to highlight role models so that the next generation of young Pakistanis has mentors to motivate themselves and to change the perception of Pakistan across the globe and to reignite the collective consciousness. We need a stronger, more professional manner in which to promote the positive aspects of our culture and religion and the valued contribution our academics, doctors, professionals and business men women make to this country in which we live and work. The glamorous gala event was then concluded with a brilliant performance by Salman Ahmad. Alongside the Pakistan Power 100, Carter-Anderson also published several supplementary lists, including the Pakistan Power 100 Women, the Pakistan Past 50 list of influential Pakistanis from history, and the Pakistan Future 50, which will rank the top 50 up and coming young professionals in Pakistan today and the power 100 future leaders who are destined to become tomorrow’s leaders.

Causes of Breast Cancer

Causes of Breast Cancer Breast Cancer About 40,610 women alone will die just this year from breast cancer. Everyone is at risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the breast. It is a big killer of women. The article breast cancer states that, breast cancer, cancer that originates in the breast. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women.(Breast cancer. The) Even though it has a high risk in women anyone can get breast cancer. The article mentioned above says, Although the vast majority of the cases occur in women, some men also get breast cancer.(Breast cancer. The) There has been some lead way in the prevention of breast cancer and less people dying. The article breast cancer says, Even allowing for improvements in detection (i.e., the introduction of routine mammography), there has been a long-term gradual increase in the incidence of breast cancer since the early 1970s, but because of the more effective treatment afforded by such early detection, overall mortality began to decrease by the mid-1990s. (Breast cancer. The) Certain things increase the risk of breast cancer. Howeve r, not everyone with breast cancer has these things, and not everyone who has these things has breast cancer. The article mentioned above says, Epidemiological study has identified certain risk factors that increase the possibility that a woman will get breast cancer, although not all women with breast cancer have these traits, and many women with all of these traits do not develop the disease. (Breast cancer. The) The risk goes up for older people, if it is in your blood, or if you have a history of breast disease. The article breast cancer says, Risk factors include age (the incidence of breast cancer is rare in women under 35-most cases occur in women over 60); a history of breast cancer in a close blood relative; and a history of breast cancer or benign proliferative breast disease. (Breast cancer. The) Other risk factors are hormones, not having children or waiting to have children, and weight. The article mentioned above states, A high cumulative exposure to female sex hormone s (estrogen and progesterone) appears to increase the risk of some breast cancers. Hormonally related risk factors include early menarch (before age 12), late menopause (after age 55), having no children or postponing childbirth, and obesity in women over 50. (Breast cancer. The) One way to stop breast cancer early on is to have regular mammograms. The advantage of mammography is that it can find the tumor in its early stages. People whose cancer is found with a mammogram have a higher chance of survival. The article Mammography says, Mammography is X-ray imaging of the breast to detect breast cancer. The advantage of mammography is that it can detect tumors while they are still small and are most easily treated. Studies have shown that women who received early medical treatment after their breast cancers were found through mammograms had a five-year survival rate approaching ninety percent (depending on the stage at which cancer is detected). By comparison, women whose cancers were not found by mammograms had a five-year survival rate of just sixty percent.(Mammography) Lots of women will have this disease at one point in their life, but mammograms can help to diagnose it. The article mentioned above says, The American Cancer Society has estimated that one o ut of every eight women will develop the disease at some point in her lifetime. Mammography is considered an important tool for diagnosing women at risk for developing breast cancer.(Mammography) Breast cancer was not always so widely accepted. The article Mammography says, By the 1960s, mammography was becoming a widely used diagnostic tool. Some critics claimed that the procedure exposed women to dangerous levels of radiation.(Mammography) This made them change the way they did it to satisfy the critics. The article mentioned above says, The amount of radiation needed to produce clear pictures of breast tissue was reduced significantly through the development of more sensitive film.(Mammography) The best way to tell if you have breast cancer is to feel for it. The article Breast Cancer says, The primary method of discovering the symptoms of breast cancer is self-examination. Doctors recommend that women learn how to properly examine their breasts and to do so on a regular basis. The purpose is to look for any changes in the breasts. (Breast Cancer Sick) What the patient should be looking for is a lump. If a lump is found then it should be reported to a doctor immediately. The article mentioned above states, One warning sign of breast cancer may be a lump in the breast or armpit area. The presence of a lump suggests that medical advice should be sought.(Breast Cancer Sick) The fact that a lump is there should not have you worried, because it is not always cancerous. The article Breast cancer says, A lump does not necessarily indicate breast cancer. In many cases, lumps are benign (not cancerous) and can be removed without any lasting harm to the patient.(Breast Cancer Sick) A nother test to see if you have cancer is a biopsy. The take a tissue sample off of the breast, and test it for cancer. The article mentioned above states, One test is a breast biopsy. The tissue removed during a biopsy can be studied under a microscope. The test allows a doctor to determine whether cells in the sample are cancerous or not. (Breast Cancer Sick) IF cancer is found then they can see if has spread to other parts of the body yet. The article Breast cancer says, If cancer is found, tests can also be used to determine if the cancer has metastasized (pronounced muh-TASS-tuh-sized). Metastasis (muh-TASS-tuh-sis) is the process of cancer cells spread to other parts of the body. Testing for metastasis involves removal of lymph nodes from the armpit. The presence of cancer cells in the lymph nodes suggests that the cancer has begun to spread. (Breast Cancer Sick) The easiest treatment is to remove the lump and some of the tissue around it with some lymph nodes. The article ment ioned above says, The simplest treatment is a lumpectomy, a procedure in which the cancerous lump is removed from the breast. The surgeon also removes some tissue around the lump and some of the lymph nodes under the arm. Removing healthy tissue around the lump ensures that all of the cancer has been removed. Removing the lymph nodes allows the doctor to test for metastasis. (Breast Cancer Sick) Diets can have an effect on you and cause breast cancer. The people with the most fat in their diet have lots of deaths from breast cancer. Cory Servaas writes, The highest incidence of deaths from breast cancer is found in the most highly developed countries, those in which peoples diets tend to be high in fats and low in fiber.(Servaas) The death rate from cancer in countries with low fat foods is lower, but as more countries develop a more American diet they are increasing in deaths. Servaas states, Traditionally, in Japan, only 20 percent of the calories in the daily diet comes from fat versus 40 percent of calories from fat in the United States. Note the chart on page 67 that shows the rate of deaths from breast cancer in Japan to be very low. (Men may be interested to know that the death rate from prostate cancer is also very low in Japan.) This chart, however, was compiled in 1976. It is interesting that the incidence of breast cancer in Japan has increased 250 percent since 1 966. During this period many Japanese have shifted to a higher-fat, Western type of diet. Within Japan, the risk of developing breast cancer has been found to be 8.5 times higher among wealthier women who eat meat daily than among poorer women. A similar increase in breast cancer was found in Iceland, where the national diet has shifted from predominantly fish and sheep to more Western fare.(Servaas) This is because the increase in fats has led to more obesity and it is increasingly harder to find the lumps on breast used to detect breast cancer. In conclusion breast cancer is caused by age hereditary traits, hormones, and health. An easy way to find it is with a self-examination or mammogram. The easiest way to deal with it is a lumpectomy. References Breast Cancer. Sick!, UXL, 2007. Research in Context, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=MSICsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CCV2643900019it=rasid=15ef5ef0bdc2b526562335fb8657988f. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017. breast cancer. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopediaà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, Columbia University Press, 2017. Research in Context, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=MSICsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA68486643it=rasid=607940fd249c5b4968321bc189f256b1. Accessed 3 Feb. 2017. Mammography. UXL Science, UXL, 2008. Research in Context, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=MSICsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CCV2646000622it=rasid=da4238e50516f2702052bcad4af954c3. Accessed 6 Feb. 2017. SerVaas, Cory. Prevent breast cancer deaths. Saturday Evening Post, Mar. 1986, p. 68+. Research in Context, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=MSICsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA4151308it=rasid=deac5885b258ce7d6954f0f6396e4f6f. Accessed 3 Feb. 2017.

Descartes Proof of God Essay -- essays research papers

Rene Descartes’ arguments in â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy† are questionable to exactly how valid and sound they really are. His proof for the existence of God in the fifth meditation is an example of one of his invalid and therefore unsound arguments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the meditations Descartes refers to clear and distinct ideas. Descartes first introduces doubt to the reader by saying that one cannot trust these clear and distinct ideas. â€Å"I have noticed that the senses are sometimes deceptive; as it is a mark of prudence never to place our complete trust in those that have deceived us even once.† (Descartes, 60) He introduces doubt through the senses, dreams, and through the possibility of an evil genius at work. For instance he states that â€Å"There is no sure sign that I can tell that I am awake. If there are no sure signs that I can tell that I am awake then there is reason to doubt I am awake. Therefore there is reason to doubt I am awake.† (Descartes 60)This is how Descartes shows that we may be dreaming even though during these dreams we can experience authentic truths. He also he goes on to state that, â€Å"If there is reason to doubt that I am awake then there is reason to doubt that I am sitting by the fire. So then there is reason to doubt that I am sitting by a fire even though I see and feel a fire.† (Descartes 60)This Descartes believes could be true because there may be an evil genius at work, whose sole purpose is to put his entire effort...

Non-Accounting Majors

Various accounting principles plays vital role in the success of efficient management of inventories of any companies. Inventories are important aspect of the company since it is the one the determines the available raw materials for the production of the organization, or it could be that it determine the available stocks of the company on their warehouses to be distributed to the market (Robertson, 1998). So much with the importance of inventory management, let us now pay more attention on the importance of accounting to inventory management. Well, the idea of check and balance of accounting could be used by managers assigned in inventory management. Inventories must be checked every now and then depending on the need of the company, the demand and supplies of raw materials must be on balance in order not to affect the operation of the business. Moreover, inventory managers having knowledge in accounting would enables them to determine the allowable level of ending inventories by the end of every period so as to make the financial condition as well as the assets to be stable. There are also times that there are inventories that are non-taxable, therefore, the inventory manager must know how to present those non-taxable inventories to the accountant of the company. The inventory manager should know this kind of principles in order not for the company to pay too much tax and for the smooth flow of data transfer from one department to another since the inventory manager has to identify first those non-taxable inventories before presenting the report to the accounting division. With this, even simply knowledge in accounting would give companies chances of working things smoothly. I am not saying that inventory managers have to acquire accounting studies as well. But the mere basic principles of accounting would be just enough for us to perform our responsibilities well and to avoid committing mistakes as to the proper ways of presenting the needed data of various departments of the organization. REFERENCE Robertson, L. (1998). Managing Inventory [Electronic Version], 1. Retrieved 9-20-07 from http://www.asashop.org/autoinc/july98/mech.htm. Â   Â  

Celebrities Have a Tremendous Influence on the Young

With the 24/7 access of media, celebrities have more and more impact on the young. A lot of people think celebrities have a responsibility to act as role models. However, I disagree with this opion. There are many other ways to find role models for young people. Plus, celebrities become famous because they can sing, dance, act, or they are super good at something. But celebrities are human beings too. Like everyone else, celebrities make mistakes too.People think celebrities should act as role models because celebrities choose to live in a way to put themselves in front of the public so that a lot of people will pay attention to them. It is obvious true that the young people are learning from the celebrities about what to do and how to do. But young people are surrounded by other grown-ups such as parents, friends, relatives, and teachers. In the way of contact with all others, the young can set their role models.Also there are so many books, articles and movies about famous people w ho are not close to us, but kids can still learn value, passion, dream and life. Thus celebrities are not necessarily to be pushed as role models. Celebrities become famous because they are better than other in some ways. But it doesn’t mean that celebrities have to live in a role model life. Everyone makes mistakes, including celebrities. But when celebrities get wrong on one thing, they are easily put in front of the public since they get attention all the time.It is not fair to blame celebrities just because people think they should be role models. Take the example of Britney Spear, young people are so fascinated by her songs and dances. But when it comes to love and marriage, she is unluckily on a wrong path. Many girls make same kind mistakes and they learn from lessons. We cannot expect Britney to be a role model then blame her on bad experience. In a word, celebrities have huge influence on the young. But celebrities do not have a responsibility to be role models.

Essay Sample on Advertising in Society and Its Dubious Role

Essay Sample on Advertising in Society and Its Dubious Role Beyond doubt, advertising is as old as the first market. Right now it is an inseparable part of our lives. We can see commercials everywhere: on TV, in newspapers and in streets. We really ought to lay our account with this issue today. Advertising companies influence our minds beyond measures on our society, but is this impact positive or not? We often lay at the door of some companies, using aggressive management to win a market. All sorts of corporations do it with two purposes: to lay hold on the market and raise as much money as possible This means they create a strong positive image of a hero, who promotes some brand. Such a strategy is supposed to lay a strong foundation of positive image, connected with this or that brand. These role models influence peoples minds a lot. Consumers wish to be on the level with the ad hero and but expensive cars, gadgets and perfumes. When the company’s CEO makes the decision, he lays a lot at stare. Unfortunately, while using such strategies, companies do not care about the society. Most of them just want to earn as much money, as possible. Ideologies that advertising promotes are often cruel and anti-social. Plenty of commercials are violent, racist or use sexual images. While trying to promote their goods, corporations often humiliate other trademarks. And finally, most of the information we receive from the ads is simply not true. Some activists often try to raise this point in front to government officials, but the politicians minds are mostly at the back of beyond. This happens because aggressive management strategies are bringing profit sometimes beyond anybodys belief. Although advertising has its darker sides, it also brings us a lot of good. We learn about new products and sops from commercials. We also can find better or cheaper goods, using our TV-sets. While creating strong positive stereotypes, advertising agencies make people care about the physical condition. When Michael Jordan or Ralf Schumacher agitate for a healthy way of life, this makes people think about their health. A successful advertising policy can raise some forgotten product from the dead. And finally, brands that are being advertised, actually invest billions into the today’s mass media. Advertising plays a dubious role in our todays world. This is the issue that cant and shouldn’t be laid down. Commercials create stereotypes and destroys them; stimulates us and makes us more aggressive. If controlled and leveled, the role of advertising is generally beneficial. If you need custom essay, research paper, thesis or term paper on Sociology or Business issues feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

Research Quality, Depth, and Credit

Research Quality, Depth, and Credit Quality The Newbery-winning  Indian Captive: The Story of Mary Jemison   The librarians at Patterson Library in Westfield, New York, took my ten-year-old quest seriously and gave me access to the closed-off balcony with its stacks of dusty archived books. I spent weeks filling hundreds of three While I dropped the project, I had unconsciously absorbed the difference in primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. Those accounts written When using a written source, the primary is the original document. If you find something quoted in a resource, that resource should be saying where it came from – follow that back to the original document. If there’s no attribution, I’ve found the quickest way to find an original source is to search the person or quote + searchable manuscripts. There are usually multiple hits. Look for websites from governments, libraries, universities, or other solid sources. Some examples:   Ã‚     Gutenberg Project  over 58,000 free eBooks, including Victor Hugo’s memoirs.   Ã‚     The Library of Congress Manuscript Reading Room  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ digital images or searchable text.   Ã‚     The British Library’s digitized collections.   Ã‚     Cambridge Digital Library   Ã‚     This page at Harvard Library  also tells you how to do more detailed research with them. Depth At Amazon’s  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Look Inside† for Lenski’s book, you can read the foreword, in which she describes how she researched the story and adapted it for fiction. She researched Jemison’s entire life and the Iroquois (of whom the Seneca are a part) in depth. She talks about the fact it was a transitional time for the Iroquois and how she tried to address that. Her illustrations are modeled after traditional Seneca artwork. It is clear she knew as much as possible about Mary Jemison and the world in which she lived. However, while Lenski’s writing was undoubtedly informed Credit Lenski mentions various specific resources throughout the foreword and ends with two paragraphs of thanks. As you do your research, keep track of key source information you’ll need for citations and bibliographies. The online writing lab at Purdue can help you give credit professionally if you’re writing nonfiction. If you’re writing fiction, share your sources with the reader and say thank you.

Cultural Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Studies - Essay Example Moreover, representation of a particular culture is also a point which has triggered much controversy among the intellectuals. In this context culture entails subjective disposition of an individual or an ethnic group from an external frame of reference. Cultural theorist Stuart Hall laid the foundation of cultural discourses in modern times. Throughout his illustrious career, Hall researched extensively on a number of socio-humanitarian issues, including representation, subjectivity and identity. This essay is going to answer four questions that are central to Stuart Hall’s cultural theories. 1. ‘Culture is itself a signifying practice and has its own determinate product: meaning’ (Hall). Discuss this understanding of culture and relate it to other ways of conceptualizing culture referred to throughout the course. Stuart Hall was the first theorist to hint at the correlation between etymological significance of discourse and culture. His steadfast denial of a pervasive ‘cultural superstructure’ (During 97) brought about a revolutionary change in the social science of language and its meaning. Hall terms language as ‘the medium for the production of meaning’ (Hall 30), which underscores the linguistic concept of the paradigmatic shift from the signifier to the signified. In other words, we need to keep aside the superficial meaning of language to gain a profound understanding of what lies within. As regards perceiving a particular culture in its entirety, it is not as important to consider the outward manifestations of the same as it is to understand the subliminal threads that bind it in a structural accord. Hall himself stresses on dissociation of meaning even within a specific cultural discourse as he endorses arrangement or order of things (30). What he simply con ceives is that nothing has a static meaning per se (Hall and Open University 19). Meaning is itself an

Torts and personal injury law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Torts and personal injury law - Essay Example Any party is allowed to move in for summary judgment. The judge may also decide his own to initiate a summary judgment. This not like the partial motion where to discuss information pertaining the affidavits or the interrogative answering of question but instead the court usually carry oral arguments where the court will considered all the evidence that are admissible at the trial under the rules of evidence to support the motion that will be presented in the court. The purpose of summary judgment is to avoid unnecessary trial that involve party. The family should have established two facts before prevailing a motion for summary judgment. One there must be no genuine issue of material fact and two the other party must be entitled to judgment as matter of law. Where the procedural device used during litigation should expeditiously disposed of a case without trial  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   QSN 3.Briefly state the facts of this case, using the information found in the case in LexisNex is. (5 points)FACTSThere was no genuine issues of material loss that warranted for the since the only incidence was Evelyn burning on her right leg by the coffee when she tested if it to see if it was hot. Cristopher was also burned and treated for with secondary degree burns. It was Nedel who sued the owner of the Burgher King on behalf of Cristopher for the claim that the coffee served was defectively made without prior warning of it being hot to an extend it can burn. The owner of the Burgher King went for the summary judgment to avoid unnecessary trial.

Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) Literature review

Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) - Literature review Example The antigen HOM-TES-14 which is repeatedly encountered during CDNA expression library is encoded by the SCP-1 gene, which is mainly expressed during prophase of mitosis in spermatocytes and involved in homologous chromosomes pairing therefore is less restricted in its expression. CTA is expressed less in non-seminomatous germ cell tumors than seminomas germ cell tumors (Chen, et al., 2013). There are CTA that are encoded on the X-chromosome called the X-CTA genes and those that are not referred to as non-CTA genes. More than half of all CTA are X-CTA and often constitute multi-gene families organized in well-defined clusters along the X-chromosome where different members are arranged into complex direct and inverted repeats. The genes encoding non-X-CT antigens are distributed throughout the genome and are mostly single copies (Cheng, et al., 2011). The X-CTA genes are expressed basically on the spermatogonia that are proliferating germ cells while non-X-CTA are expressed in the late stages of differentiation such as spermatogenesis in the normal testis. MAGE-A3, MAGE-8, MAGE-A10, XAGE-2 and XAGE-3 have been found to be expressed in the placenta in addition to testicular expression. The CTAs have different functions as various CTAs are expressed during different stages of spermatogenesis (Fratta, et al., 2011). In tumors of diverse histotypes, CTAs are largely distributed. Among various kinds of tumors, CTA varies and is depicted by data from the evaluation of its transcripts (Fratta, et al., 2011). The division of cells resulting to nuclei whereby the total chromosome number is reduced by a half its original number is termed as meiosis. The nuclei that arise from the parent nuclei are normally same as the parent nuclei but they genetic makeup is normally different. This is because genetic diversity is permitted during reproduction. Meiosis is composed of two phases, Meiosis I and II. It is through these stages that meiosis gives rise to

The Participation Rate Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Participation Rate - Research Proposal Example Individuals are considered to be unemployed, for the purposes of the unemployment rate, if the individual is actively looking for work, but is unemployed. Workers who are out of a job, due to a temporary layoff, but expected to be recalled, are considered to also be unemployed. During the survey week, the individual must be not employed, available for work and taking active steps to find work, in order to be counted in the unemployment rate. Individuals who do not count in the unemployment rate are individuals who are discouraged, and no longer actively looking for work. ...The individuals who would not be included in the participation rate are those who are unemployed, but not actively looking for work, because they are discouraged. Also not included would be individuals who are not labor force. These are individuals who are not looking for work because they are going to school, are retired, are stay at home mothers or individuals with other family obligations, are confined to nursi ng homes, mental institutions or prisons, or inactive duty military (Bureau of Labor Statistics). B. Charts of Participation Rates for Females and Males (All Figures Come from The Australian Bureau of Statistics) 1954 In this case, the Australian Bureau of Statistics did not publish very much information which can be gleaned about males versus females and the participation rates. It did not publish information, which it did in later editions, that detailed the employment rate, the unemployment rate, the unemployment numbers and employment numbers, etc. Therefore, the chart below has much more sparse information than the later ones will. In 1954, the total number of men who were employed, including defense forces, was 2,821,000. The number of women who were employed, including defense forces, was 826,000. During this same period, there were 41,000 males who were unemployed and 14,000 females who were unemployed. The unemployment rate was 1.8% for males in this year, and 1.9% of femal es. Therefore, the total number of men who were participating was, for the year, 1954, 2,862,000. The total number of females participating for that year was 840,000 (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 1967 In 1966, there were a total of 3,351,800 males who were employed. There were 32,900 males who were unemployed.

Mass media in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mass media in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Saudi Arabia achieves control of the media mainly through the Ministry of Information, which administers the national news agency and the broadcasting services, and is responsible for applying censorship regulations (Rampal, 1994). Simons (2006) states that the three main roles played by mass media are as mirror, witness, and transmitter. This refers to the necessity for media to reflect the news, events, and situations, to observe occurrences of social, political and other interest, and to convey the information, observations and analysis to the general public. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the various aspects of mass media in Saudi Arabia, including its functioning and conditions affecting Arab mass media. 2. An Authoritarian Mass Media System The standard systems of classifying mass media are as authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and totalitarian (Siebert, Peterson & Schramm, 1963). The Arab media do not fall specifically into any one of the above categories, but some elements of all four systems are found in the mass media system of Saudi Arabia. In most of the Arab countries the media function under different variations of the authoritarian theory; thus, of the four theories this is the one that most closely explains the Saudi Arabian mass media operations. The authoritarian governments in these Arab countries play a part in the use of authoritarian media functions. In the authoritarian system, the media â€Å"support and advance the policies of the government, which controls the media either directly or indirectly through licensing, legal action, or perhaps financial means† (Rugh, 2004, p.23). Rampal (1994) reiterates that despite political reform initiatives, Saudi Arabia remains an absolute monarchy. The authoritarian political system has resulted in a controlled press, particularly since 1958 when the government’s Publications Department was goven to censor publications. The authoritarian reg ime permits the media to discuss society and the machinery of government, but not of the people who hold the political power. This system is built on the theory that truth does not emerge from a great mass of people, but of a few wise men capable of directing and guiding their fellow human beings (Siebert et al, 1963). In the authoritarian system comment and criticism are carefully guided, and lucid goals for the community align with the objectives of the regime

A research paper on the representation of the goddess Isis in Ancient Term

A research on the representation of the goddess Isis in Ancient Egypt from Old Kingdom to New Kingdom - Term Paper Example The people sought the support and benevolence of various gods and goddesses for peace, prosperity, love, war, fertility, health, protection, traveling and other fields and activities of life. For instance, Zeus is viewed as the mighty king of all gods and goddesses of ancient Greece, while Apollo is believed to be the god of the sun and music and Mars is the god of war, while Eurybia is the sea goddess. The same is applied to the Egyptian civilization of ancient times, where the people had developed faith in supernatural powers, and sought their help at every hour of need. Hence, the innate human instinct also forced the financially affluent and politically powerful Egyptians of ancient times to call for the divine support on domestic, personal, professional and collective matters. Somehow, the Egyptians lacked hegemony and cohesion in views and beliefs; which was partly because of the social, geographical and strategic division of the population, which did not accept the subjugation under one political authority and one single deity as well. â€Å"Egyptian mythology is of highly complex character, and cannot be considered apart from its racial and historical aspects. The Egyptians were, as a Hebrew prophet has declared, a "mingled people", and this view has been confirmed by recent ethnological research.† Consequently, they had developed belief in the multiplicity of gods and goddesses on the basis of clans and tribes on the one hand, and in the light of the traditions accredited to different deities on the other. (Mackenzie, 2002:2) The goddess Isis is also one among the long list of deities, which were worshipped by the ancient people of Egyptian peninsula with great religious fervor and enthusiasm. Being an extremely benevolent and compassionate goddess, she enjoys distinguished status in the ancient Egyptian mythology. Though the goddess maintained a universal status in the country, yet she got popularity and position in the southern regions of Egyp t, which was not only the center of social, political and economic activities, but also dominated the rest of the region. â€Å"Currently there is a strong indication that Southern or Upper Egypt had gained a cultural ascendancy over Northern or Lower Egypt by c.3500 BC. In archaeological terms this southern culture is described as Naqada II.† (Hart, 2005:3) Hence, southern Egyptians declared their peace and prosperity as the outcome of the special bounties of the goddess upon them, which also motivated the northern areas of the country to imitate their footprints in spiritualism and faith. Isis is regarded as the goddess of motherhood, feminism, civil liberty, magic and fertility, and is revered and adored for displaying sheer affection and motherly attitude towards the Egyptian subjects without exhibiting any prejudice and discrimination towards any specific group or stratum of society. Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt portrays Isis as the queen and mother of all the Eg yptians, which looked for bestowing maximum bounties and blessings upon the people to fill their life with countless joys in the form of abundance in food, children, pelf, possession and properties. â€Å"Isis had been a potent goddess as early as the third millennium B. C. She was the sister-wife of Osiris, with whom she mated in the womb of their mother, Nuit, the sky goddess.† (Mathews, 2001:25) Being the motherly deity, the goddess appears to be showering her unabated love on all and sundry, with special concentration of

The Participation Rate Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Participation Rate - Research Proposal Example Individuals are considered to be unemployed, for the purposes of the unemployment rate, if the individual is actively looking for work, but is unemployed. Workers who are out of a job, due to a temporary layoff, but expected to be recalled, are considered to also be unemployed. During the survey week, the individual must be not employed, available for work and taking active steps to find work, in order to be counted in the unemployment rate. Individuals who do not count in the unemployment rate are individuals who are discouraged, and no longer actively looking for work. ...The individuals who would not be included in the participation rate are those who are unemployed, but not actively looking for work, because they are discouraged. Also not included would be individuals who are not labor force. These are individuals who are not looking for work because they are going to school, are retired, are stay at home mothers or individuals with other family obligations, are confined to nursi ng homes, mental institutions or prisons, or inactive duty military (Bureau of Labor Statistics). B. Charts of Participation Rates for Females and Males (All Figures Come from The Australian Bureau of Statistics) 1954 In this case, the Australian Bureau of Statistics did not publish very much information which can be gleaned about males versus females and the participation rates. It did not publish information, which it did in later editions, that detailed the employment rate, the unemployment rate, the unemployment numbers and employment numbers, etc. Therefore, the chart below has much more sparse information than the later ones will. In 1954, the total number of men who were employed, including defense forces, was 2,821,000. The number of women who were employed, including defense forces, was 826,000. During this same period, there were 41,000 males who were unemployed and 14,000 females who were unemployed. The unemployment rate was 1.8% for males in this year, and 1.9% of femal es. Therefore, the total number of men who were participating was, for the year, 1954, 2,862,000. The total number of females participating for that year was 840,000 (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 1967 In 1966, there were a total of 3,351,800 males who were employed. There were 32,900 males who were unemployed.

A research paper on the representation of the goddess Isis in Ancient Term

A research on the representation of the goddess Isis in Ancient Egypt from Old Kingdom to New Kingdom - Term Paper Example The people sought the support and benevolence of various gods and goddesses for peace, prosperity, love, war, fertility, health, protection, traveling and other fields and activities of life. For instance, Zeus is viewed as the mighty king of all gods and goddesses of ancient Greece, while Apollo is believed to be the god of the sun and music and Mars is the god of war, while Eurybia is the sea goddess. The same is applied to the Egyptian civilization of ancient times, where the people had developed faith in supernatural powers, and sought their help at every hour of need. Hence, the innate human instinct also forced the financially affluent and politically powerful Egyptians of ancient times to call for the divine support on domestic, personal, professional and collective matters. Somehow, the Egyptians lacked hegemony and cohesion in views and beliefs; which was partly because of the social, geographical and strategic division of the population, which did not accept the subjugation under one political authority and one single deity as well. â€Å"Egyptian mythology is of highly complex character, and cannot be considered apart from its racial and historical aspects. The Egyptians were, as a Hebrew prophet has declared, a "mingled people", and this view has been confirmed by recent ethnological research.† Consequently, they had developed belief in the multiplicity of gods and goddesses on the basis of clans and tribes on the one hand, and in the light of the traditions accredited to different deities on the other. (Mackenzie, 2002:2) The goddess Isis is also one among the long list of deities, which were worshipped by the ancient people of Egyptian peninsula with great religious fervor and enthusiasm. Being an extremely benevolent and compassionate goddess, she enjoys distinguished status in the ancient Egyptian mythology. Though the goddess maintained a universal status in the country, yet she got popularity and position in the southern regions of Egyp t, which was not only the center of social, political and economic activities, but also dominated the rest of the region. â€Å"Currently there is a strong indication that Southern or Upper Egypt had gained a cultural ascendancy over Northern or Lower Egypt by c.3500 BC. In archaeological terms this southern culture is described as Naqada II.† (Hart, 2005:3) Hence, southern Egyptians declared their peace and prosperity as the outcome of the special bounties of the goddess upon them, which also motivated the northern areas of the country to imitate their footprints in spiritualism and faith. Isis is regarded as the goddess of motherhood, feminism, civil liberty, magic and fertility, and is revered and adored for displaying sheer affection and motherly attitude towards the Egyptian subjects without exhibiting any prejudice and discrimination towards any specific group or stratum of society. Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt portrays Isis as the queen and mother of all the Eg yptians, which looked for bestowing maximum bounties and blessings upon the people to fill their life with countless joys in the form of abundance in food, children, pelf, possession and properties. â€Å"Isis had been a potent goddess as early as the third millennium B. C. She was the sister-wife of Osiris, with whom she mated in the womb of their mother, Nuit, the sky goddess.† (Mathews, 2001:25) Being the motherly deity, the goddess appears to be showering her unabated love on all and sundry, with special concentration of

Sport Psychology Essay Example for Free

Sport Psychology Essay tExercise is an accessible method of fulfilling a persons physical goals which they have for their own body. Humans are capable of engaging in a variety of exercises including running, playing a game of volleyball, or even surfing. In spite of the many physical accomplishments which humans can gain from physical exercise, people are also capable of encountering many psychological benefits from doing so. Studies have shown that exercising release certain chemicals in our brain that results in a good feeling. For instance, a late The beauty behind physical exercise is not only due to physical benefits which humans receive due to it, but also from the positive psychological energy given to humans that helps motivate us to continue the journey of life. arousal regulation, imagery, self confidence, attention, or concentration , goal setting memory write a 4-5 page paper. the assignment thing said you will write an article for a sports magazine on a topic from the psychological skills training section of the book that you find interesting. ( choices are: arousal regulation, imagery, self confidence, goal setting attention or concentration ) The format of your aticle should be similar to those in the actual newsletter or magazine. Be creative: include graphics and diagrams, get the readers attention with quotes and create a catchy title. write in language that is accessible to individuals who have never taken a sport psychology class. Be sure to include good content and ideas for how this information can be applied to specific situations ( using examples in a good idea ). Prayer-= Ones performance can soar like an eagle once you defeat the psychological struggles flooding ones mind. Anxiety is the main proponent to affecting any human being from giving their utmost potential in a sport. Anxiety is derived from due to self-insecurities. There are various approaches which you can make when confronting ones psychological struggles hindering ones performance, through the use of: somatic anxiety reduction,cognitive anxiety reduction, and multimodal anxiety reduction packages. An insincere and evil friend is more to be feared than a wild beast; a wild beast may wound your body, but an evil friend will wound your mind (Buddha). A wild beast in a surfing contest can be a shark swimming near the surface of the waves, while an evil friend in this case can be the physical symptoms which one experiences when feeling the anxiety of competing, thats making it difficult to keep your balance on the surfboard. One method which any human can use in order to control these physical symptoms that can possibly hinder ones performance is through the use of somatic anxiety reduction techniques. This technique focuses on progressive relaxation, learning how to control ones breathing, as well as biofeedback. Progressive relaxation involves becoming familiar with the tension experienced in ones muscles and then releasing all of it. This method is extremely beneficial to any human since it helps one to become conscious of the feeling experienced in the muscles when one is under a stressful situation. By familiarizing oneself with this particular strain in the muscles, one is capable of being able to preventing them from interfering with ones performance. Controlling ones breathing is also vital in order to present ones utmost performance. When humans experiences stress and anxiety in any particular situation, one can often experience a shortness, irregularity, as well as shallowness of breath. In contrast, when one is under a peaceful state of mind, ones breathing is steady and deep. Biofeedback is also an effective method used in order reduce somatic anxiety. This particular technique involves learning to control ones physiological and unconscious responses in the body through the process of receiving physiological responses that arent normally available to a person. Another technique which athletes as well as any other human can use in order to reduce anxiety involves some cognitive exercises. One exercise commonly use is meditation which involves an inwardly oriented personal exercise that involves quieting and concentration of the mind that can lead to a great deal of reduction of muscle tension. Another technique which individuals can use is autogenic training which centers a human to produce warmth and heaviness, that can eventually leads to a state of relaxation. Another technique that can be applied to ones life in order to help one to regulate arousal during performance is called multimodal anxiety reduction packages. A well known form of this anxiety reducing technique is called stress management training. SMT consists of applying relaxation and cognitive components to ones form of coping responses to emotional arousal that may arise within. Another example of a multidomal anxiety reduction that may fortify ones way of coping with stress is through stress inoculation training. This particular training involves exposing a human to stressful components, including mental images, and self-statements, that fortifies a humans resistance to stress. Therefore, as mentioned before, arousal regulation is a particular coping mechanism which athletes can greatly benefit them in order to excel in their physical and mental performance when playing a sport. Studies have shown that these anxiety reducing techniques greatly benefit individuals while working under pressure. Somatic anxiety reduction consists of becoming aware of ones physical symptoms that may arise while under stress, and learning how to cope with them when they arise during performance. Cognitive anxiety reduction techniques is also vital by helping one to gain more control of the anxious thoughts that emerge in ones conscious, that can enable one to give ones outstanding performance. The last particular anxiety exercise that was mentioned is the multimodal anxiety reduction packages, which is essential for all humans to build effective and positive coping mechanisms in the midst of a stressful situation. These three anxiety reducing techniques can be seen as vital methods which psychologists have created in order to help any human being to learn how to control ones body, physical, and emotional responses to stressful situations that can be presented during performance during any particular moment in ones life. Therefore, if athletes gain more control over their emotions, this what am i sad about: after comment; made me feel like im not good enough. and that im not a cool of enough girl. i want to take shit serious. i feel bad about that.

The Effects Of Climate Change In North America Politics Essay

The Effects Of Climate Change In North America Politics Essay Climate change is one of the biggest issues of discussion in the world today and is already affecting societies around the globe. North America, being one of the most influential areas of the planet, has the added pressure of setting the proper example in preparing its society to adjust for the possible changes to be made in regards to climate change. Given the economic power that North America holds over various countries worldwide, the decisions and actions that are taken are going to have a direct impact on the other nations as well. The US is put in a place of control when it comes to the matter of climate change, and as a result, if the US continues to deny the changes that are occurring in the world of today, other countries will continue to suffer and will not be able to take the necessary actions in order to prevent the downfall of their own societies. Actions are starting to be taken by both the government and non-governmental organizations, who are trying to inform the gene ral public on what the current situation is with climate change and the possible outcomes. There is a clear effort being made to help slow down, or even prevent climate change from making a large impact on society, but if there is a major impact, unfortunately society will not be able to cope accordingly. The programs to prepare society for the worst to come exist, but there is not enough focus on these programs to get the message across. If this information is not distributed around the world, and if this subject is not taken seriously, human civilization could very well already be on its way to downfall. North America is taking steps in order to prepare its population for change in order to deal with climate change and make sure that society is affected as little as possible. In order for the world to be able to tackle the subject of climate change, all nations will have to come together and educate their own people on the dangers and potential problematic outcomes of this ongoing shift in the worlds climate, starting with the United States. The governments of North America have programs which are made to inform the general public about the current situation of climate change; however, there is not enough emphasis put on these programs to convey this message to societies. It is a known fact that climate change is one of the main issues of discussion in the world today, and that it is going to take a global effort in order to get results. North America is one of the leading polluters of today, and therefore it is extremely important for the US to be aware of what is happening in terms of climate change. The United States government has programs that are specifically designed to inform the general public about what is going on with climate change and what can be done to prevent it, cope with it, and prepare for the worst. This is despite the fact that the reports of several governmental agencies in the United States and around the world cite human activity as one of, if not the primary driver of global climate change, (Nag el et al, 2008). The programs exist, the government is aware of what needs to be done, but there is simply not enough focus on these programs. For example, on June 16th, 2009, the White House helped launch the Global Climate Change Impacts on the United States report, which is a representation of thirteen agencies that, in the course of a year and a half, focused on potential climate change impacts on the United States. Yet, a large group of the United States public is completely unaware of the fact that this report was written. Sadly, the government knows this and even takes it into account, as stated in the document Responses to climate change impacts in the United States will almost certainly evolve over timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Implementing these response strategies will require careful planning and continual feedback on the impacts of policies for government, industry, and society, (Waple, 2009). Non-governmental organizations are the ones at the front lines, informing the general p ublic one person at a time, letting people know what steps need to be taken in order to cope with, or even prevent climate change. Even though these organizations are putting in the hours of effort to inform the public, the majority of people shy away from the NGOs and choose to not take them seriously and not regard this as a real problem that will eventually have an impact on the world. In order for the human race to respond appropriately to the results that climate change will have on society, people have to be made aware of the expected outcomes. As stated by the National Assessment Synthesis Team in Washington, D.C. Climate change will affect different segments of society differently because of their varying exposures and adaptive capacities (NAST, 2000). There are many different environmental issues that the world is being faced with. Some are local, where others will have an impact on a global scale. Environmental issues are comprised of social interactions and natural phenomena, in this sense, they are hybrid issues of society and the environment, (Giddens, 2009). Due to the amplification of social awareness dealing with environmental problems in the 1970s, sociology has focused part of its reasearch on global climate change, known as environmental sociology. Environmental sociologists study the complex and versatile relationship between human beings and their natural environments, which also covers the question of why social systems have a tendency to exceed their ecological carrying capability. The report done on understanding climate change suggests that there are certain areas of research that scientists must take as a priority. These areas include 1) human activities that alter the earths environment; 2) forces that drive these activities; 3) consequences of environmental changes for societies and economies; and 4) how humans respond to these changes, (Nagel et al, 2008).The main issues that the world has to deal with are pollution and waste, resource depletion, genetic modification of food, and global warming. Air pollution clearly has a global influence, and is mainly caused by outdoor pollution, produced mainly by industrial pollutants, and indoor pollution, causes by burning fuels at home such as heating. Human societies depend on natural resources from the planet wood, water, plant life, animals. These are mainly classified as renewable resources, however, if there is no balance between consumption and reproduction, there is a risk that there will be no more left. Rapid population and economic growth in the arid and semi-arid regions of Southern California, the central valley of California, and the front range of the Rocky Mountains has radically increased exposure to water shortages (NAST, 2000). Along with consumption rates, population shifts and development choices are making more Americans vulnerable to the expected impacts of climate change, (NAST, 2000). North America being one of the more heavily populated areas in the world also raises the vulnerability of the specific regions that are densly populated. The four most populous states in 2000 California, Texas, Florida, and New York accounted for 38 percent of the total growth in U.S. population during that time, and share significant vulnerability to coastal storms, severe drought, sea-level rise, air pollution, and urban heat island effectsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Over 80 percent of the U.S. population resides in urban areas, which are among the most rapidly changing environments on Earth, (N AST, 2000). In some cases the negative outcomes of climate change do not directly affect North America, but the nations that supply North America with their export. Which in turn also has a negative affect on North America. The main component of climate change, which is global warming, has the most noticeable impact on societies, scientists have recently estimated that global warming kills about 160,000 people every year (Giddens, 2009). In general, the groups of people that are going to be affected the most are the youth, the elderly, and the economically disadvantaged (NAST, 2000). This is due to the fact that people who are at a disadvantage, socially and monetarily, are unable to acquire the resources necessary in order to cope with these changes. The rise in global temperatures during the summer and the fall of temperatures during the winter are at an all time high and low, respectively, and human beings are not prepared to the best of their abilities, and consequently human beings are the ones who are losing the battle against the shift in climate. Another problem area that is beginning to arise is that of health and the mutation of pre-existing disease and viruses, public health researchers have begun to note variations in seasonal diseases, like the flu, and the geographic spread of malaria and diarrheal diseases resulting from ill-equipped sanitation services and a lack of access to clean, fresh water, (Nagel et al, 2008).Yet, with these facts, there is still no drastic change or effort being made to prevent this from happening; and there is further research that must be done before scientists will be able to estimate how much these changes will result in negative societial outcomes. Other areas of the world are also making an effort to inform the general public about climate change and the potential changes that will have to be made in order to prevent negative outcomes. The Kyoto Protocol was created in 1997, in Kyoto, Japan and was put into action in February 2005, and since then 187 states have signed the protocol. The Kyoto protocol is a convention that was created in an attempt to fight global warming and lower greenhouse gas emissions by restricting countries gas emission percentages. Ironically enough, the United States is the only nation that has not signed and has no intention to ratify the protocol. The Kyoto Protocol was created when George W. Bush was still president of the US, and he was of the firm opinion that climate change not only was not a problem, but did not even exist as an important global issue. As a result, the US has been put far behind the rest of the world in terms of acknowledging and acting on this matter. This is a set-back to the global effort in fighting climate change and will continue to create problems, in the long run, if there is no agreement reached on this subject shortly. If information about climate change does not reach the majority part of the planets population or the subject is not kept in mind with the main events that are yet to come, human civilization may as well accept the steady downfall of our planets wellbeing. With North America continuing to play its role in the world regarding the issues of climate change, noticeable actions need to be taken for the prevention of climate change, from a societal perspective. The reactions to the impacts of climate change in North America will transform over time as people learn more about what they are dealing with, and the extent to which it will affect the population. In addition, there have to be more comparative studies of the political dynamics of climate change across multiple nations. Evidently, this is not left up to the hand full of people in a position of power in the world to do; there are other factors that can also contribute to this evolution. Cultural habits, religion, and personal norms and values are able to influence the majority, if not, everything from population growth to beliefs about the environment as a whole. There has to be a better understanding of how and where these social groups stand, in terms of the global movement, towards a better environment, and how the general public, political powers, and non-governmental organizations can work together to effectively improve it. North America has huge potential to deal with these issues, compared to other countries in the world, however their methods of informing the population and the advice that they give to their people as a means of being able to improve their situations is not yet at its best. Although North America has considerable adaptive capacity, actual practices have not always protected people and property from adverse impacts of climate variability and extreme weather events, (Parry et al, 2007). There is still much that must be shared between people of power and people who belong to those societies. Climate change is a real issue that will eventually affect the entire world, and measures must soon be taken, on a serious level, if societies worldwide are to try and overcome this new life threatening obstacle.

Mans Effect On The Environment Essay -- essays research papers

Man’s Effect on the Environment 1) SOURCES OF POLLUTION Freshwater Environments : Man pollutes freshwater all over the world in many ways there is much waste and pollution that ends up in rivers. One of the main hazards is called eutrophication, this process becomes enriched with artificial nutrients from fertilisers which run off into the rivers and upset the natural nutrient cycle of the river, lake or pond. The water turns green because of the algae which when they die multifly using up all the oxygen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Similar consequences occur if raw sewage is pumped into a river. Chemical waste from factories dump their un wanted waste into rivers, lakes or ponds as well. One major component that effects the water wildlife is the insecticide DDT which damages animal tissue and is dangerous to humans , this can be passed along the foodchain. Marine Environments : 80% of the waste which is pumped into the sea each year is produced by dredging, 10% is industrial waste and 10% is sewage. Some of the consiquences due to this are :- presence of toxic substances and the rapid uptake of contaminants by marine organisms to name but a few. Oil spillages either by tankers or offshore ridges cause devistating effects on the local environments. Oil is extremely dense which means it floats on top of the water and can kill fish and birds, ruin beaches but nothing as yet has been invented to deal with this major problem. Dangerous metals such as mercury, arsenic and lead are also dumped into the sea. All of these examples have the ability to kill and damage the environment around it. Agricultural Environments : Unwanted plants or insects are nowadays killed with by herbicides and insecticides, in this case chemical rather than biological are used. Pesticides have the ability to damage the local environment, while herbicides may kill wild flowers as well as weeds and insecticides may kill Kris Charik R10D harmful pests but it can also kill butterflies and moths. Some of these chemicals are even dangerous to humans as well. 2) FIVE MAJOR POLLUTANTS: SULPHUR DIOXIDE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sulphur Dioxide comes from both car and factory emissions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sulphur Dioxide is a poisonous gas which can kill plants and is the main gas that is involved in Acid Rain. Oil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oil can be spil... ...he U.S, Britain, Canada and Russia. It is not as efficient as coal as a fuel because it has a high water and ash content. Wood this is a good Biofuel as it provides 13% of the world’s energy. As wood is used so much in the poorer countries and is insufficiently burnt resources are slowly decreasing in such countries as Africa and Asia. Nowadays there are special trees which can grow more quickly therefore it is possible in the right plants wood can produce substantial amounts of energy. Kris Charik R10D Alcohol can be made during fermentation and can be used in cars as fuel. It’s main advantage is that it is more enviromentaly friendly. It can also be used to make such things as perfumes, lacquer and explosives. 8)POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT : The Government wants more people to do more in the way of giving the poorer waste food and say that we should help them as much as we can. The government has also set up charities which raise money in order to give help to particulary the extremely poor countries by using T.V adverts to raise the money. Oxfam is possibly the most well known charity that helps poor countries, Oxfam however mainly helps such countries as India and Africa.

The Glass Ceiling - Does It Still Exist? Essay -- Equality Work Minori

The Glass Ceiling - Does It Still Exist? There are many questions that come to mind when looking at the structure of any organizations. Within the social organization, employees face many challenges such as sexual harassment, violence, rape, depression, and discrimination. These issues in their respective organizations are a hindrance to their success and can cause their personal and career development to suffer. But the key factor that will be focused regarding discrimination is women's struggles advancing in their careers often called the glass ceiling effect. In this research, the term "glass ceiling " will be defined, answer the question "Who is affected by such barrier and why", what acts helped pave the way, and determine any recommendations to solve the problem. Glass ceiling is defined as the invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to high level positions. In the Microsoft Encarta World Encyclopedia, the term glass ceiling is a "barrier to career advancement: an unofficial but real impediment to somebody's advancement into upper-level management positions because of dissemination based on the person's gender, age, race, ethnicity, or sexual preference." In other words, "Glass ceiling" is a negative barrier of attitudes and prejudices preventing women and minorities to move up in their corporate ladder. It holds many to stay at their lower level positions and not given a chance to show their abilities and improve themselves. Another definition given to this invisible barrier is it "describes cases in which women begin their careers on an equal footing with men, and either lose ground gradually over time, or continue to progress on par with their male counterpart until, at some point, their progress is bloc... ...uarterly. Vol. 46 (December 1997): 148-154 Gerber, Robin D. " Tech Rage Pierces the Glass Ceiling". Online Available: http://www.academy.umd.edu/AboutUs/news/articles/4-24-00.htm Hardy, Lawrence. "Why Teachers Leave." The American School Board Journal. Vol. 186 (June 1999): 12-17 Hernandez, Thomas J. and Morales, Nestor E. "Career, Culture, and Compromise: Career Development Experiences of Latinas Working in Higher Education." The Career Development Quarterly. Vol. 48 (September 1999): 45-58 Morgan, Laurie A. "Glass Ceiling Effect or Cohort Effect? A longitudinal Study of the Gender Earnings Gap for Engineers, 1982 to 1989." American Sociological Review. Vol 63 (August 1998): 479-493 Nelson, Anne V. " It's Lonely at the Top". Women.com Buzz: Equal Pay in the Fortune 500? Not yet. Online. Available. http://www.women.com/news/buzz/d1112wagegap.html

Notes on 5 Different Short Story

Notes on Short Story THE GIFT OF THE MAGI By O. Henry Date: 26 September 2012 Title: The Gift of the Magi Author: William Sydney Porter also known as O. Henry Background of the O. Henry: O. Henry was born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. Both his mother and father died before O. Henry turned 20. As a teenager, he worked as a pharmacist’s assistant in his uncle’s drugstore to help support his family. At age 19, he moved to Texas to take advantage of its warmth and dry climate. There he worked at a farm that belonged to a friend of his family’s. Vocabulary: * Instigates: To cause by incitement Subsiding: To sink to a low or lower level * Coax: To attempt to influence by gentle persuasion * Faltered: To hesitate or waver in action, purpose, intent, etc. * Ravages: To work havoc upon * Assertion: A positive statement or declaration, often without reason or support * Tresses: A plait or braid of hair * Ardent: Having, expressive of, or characteriz ed by intense feeling * Dandy: A man who is excessively concerned about his clothes and appearance * Manger: A box or trough in a stable or barn from which horses or cattle eat Setting: Christmas Eve, New York City Characters: Delia Young * James Dillingham Young * Madame Sofronie Literary Devices: * Allusion: â€Å"The magi, as you know, were wise men—wonderfully wise men—who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. † * Anadiplosis: â€Å"And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  * Polysyndeton: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher. † * Personification: â€Å"The dull precious metal seemed to flash with a reflection of her bright and ardent soul. † * Repetition: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. * Simile: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ about her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown wate rs. † * Metaphor: â€Å"Oh, and the next two hours tripped by on rosy wings. † * Situational Irony: Della receives combs for her hair that is no longer there. * Synecdoche: â€Å"White fingers and nimble tore the string and paper†¦Ã¢â‚¬  * Alliteration: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles. † Symbolism: The symbolism in â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† is based upon the gifts given by Jim and Della. Both Jim and Della gave up a possession the forfeited the importance of the gift they would receive from their spouse.The gifts showing the importance of giving everything of themselves. Theme: * Love * Sacrifice * Wealth * Women and Feminity Point of View: Third Person THE NECKLACE BY: GUY DE MAUPASSANT Date: 10 October 2012 Title: The Necklace Author: Henri Rene Albert Guy De Maupassant Background of the Author: Henri Rene Albert Guy De Maupassant was born on August 5th, 1850 and was declared deceased on July 6th, 1893. He was a French writer known for his short stories, which painted the life of people in the 19th Century of France.He was prolific, published 300 short stories and 6 novels, but he died at a very young age due to physical and mental illness. Vocabulary: * Blundered: A gross, or stupid mistake * Wit: The keen perception and cleverly apt expression of those connections between ideas that awaken amusement and pleasure. * Antechambers: A chamber or room that serves as a waiting room and entrance to a larger room or an apartment * Peopling: Indefinitely or Collectively * Trifled: An article or thing of very little value Setting: Paris, 1880 Character: * Mathilde Loisel * Monsieur Loisel Madame Forestier Literary Devices: * Situational Irony * Authorial Intrusion * Anaphora * Alliteration Symbolism: The Necklace The necklace, beautiful but worthless, represents the power of perception and the split between appearances and reality. Mathilde wants to borrow the necklace from Madame Forestier, but she did not tell Mathilde that it was a fake. Mathilde never underestimated Madame Forestier due to her wealth. Themes: * Wealth * Women and Feminity * Pride * Suffering A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings By: Gabriel Garcia Marquez Date: 31 October 2012Title: A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Author: Gabriel Garcia Marquez Background of the Author: Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born on March 6th, 1928. He was a writer who grew up listening to family tales. His novels and > have drawn worldwide audiences. He won the Nobel Prize in 1982. After College, he became a journalist who introduced readers to magical realism. Vocabulary: * Stupor: Suspension or great diminution of sensibility; as in disease or as caused by narcotics, intoxicants, etc. Grandeur: The quality or state of being impressive * Dialect: A variety of language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by features of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary and by its use by a group of speakers who ar e set off from others geographically or socially. * Bailiff: An officer, similar to a sheriff or a sheriff’s deputy, employed to execute writs and processes, make arrests, keep order in the court, etc. * Reverence: A feeling or attitude of deep respect tinged with awe * Frivolous: Characterize by lack of seriousness or sense * Robust: Strong and Healthy Impertinences: Unmannerly intrusion or presumption Setting: Characters: * The Old Man * Pelayo * Elisenda * Father Gonzaga * The Neighbor Woman * The Spider Woman Literary Devices: * Verbal Irony * Synesthesia * Magical Realism * Onomatopoeia * Allusion Symbolism: * Wings: Wings represent power, speed and limitless freedom in motion. Ironically, the wings of the angel in the story convey only a sense of age and disease. When the village doctor examines the old man, he notices how naturally the wings fit in with the rest of his body.The ultimate effect is to suggest that the old man is both natural and supernatural at once. * T he Spider Woman: The spider woman represents the fickleness with which many self-interested people approach their own faith. Not surprisingly, the old man’s reputation wanes when he proves capable of performing only minor â€Å"consolation miracles†. Themes: * Family * Moral * Religion * Magical Realism The Pedestrian By: Ray Bradbury Date: 7 November 2012 Title: The Pedestrian Author: Ray Bradbury Background of the Author: Ray Bradbury was born on August 22nd, 1920, Waukegan, Illinois.He was an American fantasy and horror author who rejected being categorized as a sci-fi author, claiming that his work was based on the fantastical and unreal. His best known novel is Fahrenheit 451. He is also remembered for other of his popular works including > and >. He was declared deceased just recently, June 5th, 2012 at the age of 91. Vocabulary: * Seams: The line formed by sewing together pieces of cloth, leather, or the like. * Intermittent: Stopping or ceasing for a time * Win try: Of or characteristic of winter * Doot: N/ASetting: November, 2053 A. D. Characters: * Leonard Mead Literary Devices: * Personification * Imagery * Symbolism * Simile * Metaphor * Alliteration * Irony Symbolism: On their way to the psychiatric Center for Research on Regressive Tendencies, they pass Mead’s house. It is ablaze with lights in contrast to the dark city. It is a symbol of hope of vibrant life – light is a universal symbol of hope, but the car is swallowed up once more into the darkness, literally and figuratively. Themes: * Technology * Society loses its humanity * Mankind cease to exist * Distrust and Ultimate Destruction * Propaganda * Pessimistic

Sir Richard Branson

The purpose of this paper is to describe the personality of Sir Richard Branson as well as applying the roles of social perception and attribution. Sir Branson is the owner and Chief Executive Officer of the Virgin brand started in the 1970’s. Virgin is one of Great Britain’s most respected brands and consists of ventures in travel and tourism, leisure and pleasure, social and environmental, media and telecommunications, finance and money, health, and shopping. As a youth, Sir Branson was introduced to many factors which shaped his adult personality. According to Nelson & Quick (2008), â€Å"family, culture, education, and other environmental forces shape personality. † Sir Branson’s personality was strongly influenced by his family environment. His mother encouraged him and his sisters to work hard and overcome adversity by continually setting physical challenges between the siblings. These competitions surely enhanced Branson’s drive to compete and triumph in sporting activities. His entrepreneur success can be contributed to the early introduction of entrepreneurship by his mother and Aunt Clare. Sir Branson’s was influenced by a loving family which modeled traits such as teamwork, cohesion, and support. During my childhood, children were taught to stay in a child’s place and speak only when spoken to. Branson was encouraged to speak as a child and his opinions were valued. This helped to build self-esteem and confidence to communicate outside his social group. In my opinion, Branson’s psychological type derived from the Type Theory Preferences and Descriptions is Extraversion, Intuition, Feeling, and Perceiving (ENFP). Nelson & Quick (2008) described a person who is categorized as ENFP to be: Warmly enthusiastic and imaginative. See life as full of possibilities. Make connections between events and information very quickly, and confidently proceed based on the patterns they see. Want a lot of affirmation from others, and readily give appreciation and support. Spontaneous and flexible, often rely on the ability to improvise and their verbal fluency. (p. 95) While reading Sir Branson’s case, I created the perception that Branson is intelligent, creative, loyal, family oriented, friendly, and confident yet arrogant. My perception is strongly affected by my characteristics as the perceiver. I truly believe that anyone can be successful if he or she works hard. If an individual is working hard and not obtaining the projected level of success, he or she needs to change the situation. Not necessary the plan or approach, but the situation in which he or she is operating in (city, state, company, community). The manner in which Branson organized his schedule to allow for family time influences my opinion and I created the image of him as a family man. Although this is important it doesn’t necessarily confirm that Branson is a true family man. The situation that Branson is introduced to me has an overwhelming affect on my perception. I am reading an article full of positive factors about Branson. How could my perception be anything other than positive? This perception may be the same or totally different had this been a face to face encounter. Three elements of the barriers to social perception are involved in my assessment. First, I used selective perception by relating my view of family orientation to Branson. I narrowed my perception to the qualities which supported my viewpoint. Next, I created the perception that Branson is intelligent, because he is successful. I have created a stereotype that all successful entrepreneurs must be intelligent. The article offered information that Branson’s academic record was terrible and he did not finish high school. I failed to consider this information because of his success. Lastly, the first impression error allowed me to read the article and create the perception that this is the true Branson without any future research or consideration. Sir Branson performance and success is due to internal attributions. He accepted his weaknesses and built on his strengths. The values instilled by his mother formed a sound foundation to build on. He is not focused on external attributions of things he has no control over. He continues to expand his empire by giving others opportunities to develop their ideas into business ventures that he supports (Nelson & Quick, 2008, p. 115). He uses his internal attributions to counter the startup problems and unforeseen battles which don’t seem to bother him. Sir Branson is perceived to be a well-rounded person. His personality, which drives his success and current business philosophy, mirrors his childhood development. During his childhood, his opinion was valued and now he is open to the opinions and ideas of his advisory team. His mother and Aunt Clara were very entrepreneurial developing several different ways to make money and now Branson invites creativity and backs the new business ventures of others. He developed his sense of competition and now challenges industries which he feels are not serving the public. An individual’s personality is strongly influenced by his or her environment as proven by Sir Richard Branson. References Nelson, D. L. , & Quick, J. C. (2008). Organizational behavior: Science, the real world, and you (6th Ed. ). Mason, OH: South-Western. Sir Richard Branson Assignment 4: Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, Ltd. Case Study Mysherri Rhodes Instructor: Bess White Bus 520: Leadership and Organization February 25, 2012 Describe Branson’s leadership style in terms of the leadership models addressed in Chapters 10 and 11 and evaluate the likely effectiveness of that style in the U. S. today. Sir Richard Branson, founder and chairman of Virgin Group Ltd. , has created a multi-billion dollar enterprise, which includes: airlines, records, bridal wear, holidays, vodka, cars, bank accounts, mobile phones, cosmetics, condoms and gyms (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).The Virgin Group is a globally recognized brand that has approximately 50,000 employees and earns more than $20 billion in sales annually (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson is known to be one of the greatest entrepreneurs and with that consumers can expect more unique creations from Sir Richard Branson (Boje & Smith, 2012). In order for a business to acquire and maintain such exponential growth, a company must have an effective leader.According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson is a genuine strategist who thinks outside the box and he has achieved many great things despite some setbacks throughout the years. Branson anticipates future trends, inspiring followers to understand and embrace a new vision of possibilities. He develops others to be leaders or better leaders; that’s what makes him a transformational leader (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson, has a philosophy that is centered on finding people with strong communication and teamwork skills that can be integrated into Virgin Group culture.Once the proper employees are hired, Virgin Group continues the employee’s professional development, allowing the company to promote existing employees. Branson’s philosophy enables him to develop new leaders, which are able to foresee the company’s future and embrace new visions. Hellriegel & Slocum (2 011), also say that transformational leaders are risk takers and welcome new opportunities. Sir Richard Branson states that it is impossible to run a business without taking risks, and he is no stranger to doing so (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Branson publicly admits to three tremendous setbacks: a) the launch of a portable MP3 player (the Virgin Pulse) was crushed by the Apple iPod and lost over $20 million; b) against top management advice, Branson held on to Virgin’s Megastore retail outlets far too long, costing the group financially when the megastores were finally sold; c) Branson created Virgin Cola as an attempt to enter the United Kingdom’s Coca-Cola territory, but Coca-Cola crushed that effort.The Virgin Group has experienced its fair share of failures but that has never stopped Branson from looking for new opportunities. Because of these attributes, Branson is a great transformational leader and is a perfect fit in today’s world. The world is constantl y evolving from the old into the new, and this constant change creates the need for companies to adapt accordingly. Based on constant change a company must be able to adapt accordingly. Transformational leadership is such a great asset to today’s world because its leaders are true visionaries.For instance, to his colleagues Branson is known as Dr. Yes because he finds it hard to say no to new ideas and proposals. Being open to new ideas and proposals sets Virgin Groups apart from other companies because they are never afraid to try venture into new areas. Virgin Group prides itself on doing things in an innovative way while aspiring to provide quality services (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Visionaries are key to the evolution of today’s world and are important to the generations of the future.Recommend a different leadership style (or combination of styles) that would make Branson an even more effective leader. Transformational and transactional leadership are two of th e most popular approaches to leading a businesses (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Branson’s keen sense of transformational leadership is great for Virgin Group but could be more effective when combined other leadership styles such as transactional leadership. Transactional leadership is considered a great second style to work in synergy with transformational leadership.Transactional leadership focuses on the interaction and motivation that occur between a leader and his or her followers (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Branson’s states, â€Å"If you find people who are good at motivating others and getting the best out of people, they are the ones you want. There are plenty of so-called experts, but not as many motivators of people† (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011; p 344). Branson’s belief in motivating his employees demonstrates his belief in transactional leadership and is an incontestable method ensuring that Virgin Group uses the correct leadership path.Motivating employ ees is a great way to initiate great leadership but here are some other components of transactional leadership that should be considered: a) transactional leadership provides contingent rewards, which includes leaders setting measurable goals to obtain that are clear and concise; b) it exhibits active management by monitoring work performance of employees and enforcing rules to prevent mistakes; c) it emphasizes that enforced rules are not to be broken and unacceptable performance will result in corrective actions (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Determine how Branson would develop and lead a global team working on a major project (e. g. , space tourism) Americans have witnessed the continuous development of the world for decades and Sir Richard Branson has been a part of American history. Branson has continued to push the envelope year after year, and is familiar with the leadership styles that are necessary for leading a global team working on a major project. Branson spoke out, statin g that carbon damaging the world is what is causing global warming.As a result, Branson recently pledged to give as much as $3 billion over the next ten years to tackle global warming. The funding for the global warming project will be given from Branson’s personal revenue from his airlines and rail company (Hellriegell & Slocume, 2011). Branson’s states: â€Å"We must not be the generation responsible for irreversibly damaging the environment† (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). In order for Branson to develop and lead a global team for global warming, he must use the core components associated with transformational leadership.According Hellriegel & Slocum (2011; p 330), â€Å"the core components are individual consideration: refer to the leaders to anticipate the followers’ needs, perform as a mentor, and listen to the followers’ needs†. Next, Branson needs to intellectually stimulate his team by encouraging them to think outside the box and to n ot be afraid to take a risk. Then there are inspirational motivations, which is a concept pertaining to leaders creating a vision for the employees to follow.Last but not least is idealized influence which refers to the leader acting in a charismatic way to uplift employees and inspire them (Kirkpartrick & Locke, 1996). Branson has stated on numerous occasions that he treats his employees like human beings, which allows him to anticipate his employees’ needs. Branson also feels that an entrepreneur will only succeed if he or she is surrounded by good people and are able to listen to their advice. Because Branson is open to advice he has innately displayed individual consideration.As a leader Branson has always provided attention to the employee’s needs for growth, encouraged individuals to embrace creativity, and placed an emphasis on innovation. Early in Branson’s career he developed a habit of actively reading emails from his employees. Once the email are read , he then responds to employees’ concerns and ideas personally. There has been instances where employees have presented innovative ideas for the company’s future that Branson has implemented, which demonstrates an intellectual stimulation outcome and encourages this behavior in the future.As I stated above, Branson has a vision that involves improving global warming. Branson’s plan to address the problem is by setting up a carbon war room to strategize reducing the carbon output of companies without damaging the company’s profitability. Setting a vision and creating a plan is a great method for providing inspirational motives for individuals. Historically, Branson is well known for his ability to inspire his team, which results in an ideal work environment. Discuss how you can incorporate some of Branson’s leadership qualities into your role at work or school.Sir Richard Branson is an extraordinary individual and worthy of businesses mimicking his leadership style. Branson’s leadership styles includes, but are not limited to: honing in on one’s ability to become a true visionary, taking risk, and providing quality. Branson states that he listens to all new ideals and proposals but ultimately makes decisions based on his intuition (Branson, 2012). One could practice becoming a visionary into their work or school environment by taking an in depth look at a new ideas or roposals and trusting their intuition. Implementing an environment for visionaries allows individuals to bring forth ideas that other individuals may have difficulty visualizing. This method also encourages individuals to speak up and voice their opinions. The next quality that a leader must possess is risk taking. It is impossible for a business to run without taking risks. â€Å"Virgin would not be the company it is today if risks had not been taken† (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011; p 344).In order for a manager to be successful there has to be some degree of risk taking and one could start by thinking out of the box (Hanna & Klein, 2011). This could take place by setting aside time for the team to meet, discuss, and implement new ideas that involve more risk. Another one of Branson’s attributes for leadership is to provide quality service to his clientele. According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson prides himself on his ability to provide quality services to consumers in areas where other companies may not.As a manager, one could raise the bar through implementing higher standards for quality service. This could, as a result, increase the clientele and loyalty to the company. References Boje, D. , & Smith, R. (2010). Re-storying and visualizing the changing entrepreneurial identities of Bill Gates and Richard Branson. Culture & Organization, 16(4), 307-331. doi:10. 1080/14759551003769250 Branson, R. (2012). Sir Audcity. Inc, 34(9), 72-73. Hanna, J. , & Klein, D. S. (2011). Sir Richard Branson: Great Brands, V irgin Brands, Branson Brands.Smart Business Orange County, 6(5), 10-11. Hellriegel, D. , & Slocum, J. W. , Jr. (2011). Organizational Behavior 13th ed. ). Mason, OH: Cengage (Learning) Kirkpatrick, S. A. , & Locke, E. A. (1996). Direct and Indirect Effects of Three Core Charismatic Leadership Components on Performance and Attitudes. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 81(1), 36-51. Sadeghi, A. , & Pihie, Z. (2012). Transformational Leadership and Its Predictive Effects on Leadership Effectiveness. International Journal Of Business & Social Science, 3(7), 186-197. Sir Richard Branson Assignment 4: Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, Ltd. Case Study Mysherri Rhodes Instructor: Bess White Bus 520: Leadership and Organization February 25, 2012 Describe Branson’s leadership style in terms of the leadership models addressed in Chapters 10 and 11 and evaluate the likely effectiveness of that style in the U. S. today. Sir Richard Branson, founder and chairman of Virgin Group Ltd. , has created a multi-billion dollar enterprise, which includes: airlines, records, bridal wear, holidays, vodka, cars, bank accounts, mobile phones, cosmetics, condoms and gyms (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).The Virgin Group is a globally recognized brand that has approximately 50,000 employees and earns more than $20 billion in sales annually (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson is known to be one of the greatest entrepreneurs and with that consumers can expect more unique creations from Sir Richard Branson (Boje & Smith, 2012). In order for a business to acquire and maintain such exponential growth, a company must have an effective leader.According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson is a genuine strategist who thinks outside the box and he has achieved many great things despite some setbacks throughout the years. Branson anticipates future trends, inspiring followers to understand and embrace a new vision of possibilities. He develops others to be leaders or better leaders; that’s what makes him a transformational leader (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson, has a philosophy that is centered on finding people with strong communication and teamwork skills that can be integrated into Virgin Group culture.Once the proper employees are hired, Virgin Group continues the employee’s professional development, allowing the company to promote existing employees. Branson’s philosophy enables him to develop new leaders, which are able to foresee the company’s future and embrace new visions. Hellriegel & Slocum (2 011), also say that transformational leaders are risk takers and welcome new opportunities. Sir Richard Branson states that it is impossible to run a business without taking risks, and he is no stranger to doing so (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Branson publicly admits to three tremendous setbacks: a) the launch of a portable MP3 player (the Virgin Pulse) was crushed by the Apple iPod and lost over $20 million; b) against top management advice, Branson held on to Virgin’s Megastore retail outlets far too long, costing the group financially when the megastores were finally sold; c) Branson created Virgin Cola as an attempt to enter the United Kingdom’s Coca-Cola territory, but Coca-Cola crushed that effort.The Virgin Group has experienced its fair share of failures but that has never stopped Branson from looking for new opportunities. Because of these attributes, Branson is a great transformational leader and is a perfect fit in today’s world. The world is constantl y evolving from the old into the new, and this constant change creates the need for companies to adapt accordingly. Based on constant change a company must be able to adapt accordingly. Transformational leadership is such a great asset to today’s world because its leaders are true visionaries.For instance, to his colleagues Branson is known as Dr. Yes because he finds it hard to say no to new ideas and proposals. Being open to new ideas and proposals sets Virgin Groups apart from other companies because they are never afraid to try venture into new areas. Virgin Group prides itself on doing things in an innovative way while aspiring to provide quality services (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Visionaries are key to the evolution of today’s world and are important to the generations of the future.Recommend a different leadership style (or combination of styles) that would make Branson an even more effective leader. Transformational and transactional leadership are two of th e most popular approaches to leading a businesses (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Branson’s keen sense of transformational leadership is great for Virgin Group but could be more effective when combined other leadership styles such as transactional leadership. Transactional leadership is considered a great second style to work in synergy with transformational leadership.Transactional leadership focuses on the interaction and motivation that occur between a leader and his or her followers (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Branson’s states, â€Å"If you find people who are good at motivating others and getting the best out of people, they are the ones you want. There are plenty of so-called experts, but not as many motivators of people† (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011; p 344). Branson’s belief in motivating his employees demonstrates his belief in transactional leadership and is an incontestable method ensuring that Virgin Group uses the correct leadership path.Motivating employ ees is a great way to initiate great leadership but here are some other components of transactional leadership that should be considered: a) transactional leadership provides contingent rewards, which includes leaders setting measurable goals to obtain that are clear and concise; b) it exhibits active management by monitoring work performance of employees and enforcing rules to prevent mistakes; c) it emphasizes that enforced rules are not to be broken and unacceptable performance will result in corrective actions (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Determine how Branson would develop and lead a global team working on a major project (e. g. , space tourism) Americans have witnessed the continuous development of the world for decades and Sir Richard Branson has been a part of American history. Branson has continued to push the envelope year after year, and is familiar with the leadership styles that are necessary for leading a global team working on a major project. Branson spoke out, statin g that carbon damaging the world is what is causing global warming.As a result, Branson recently pledged to give as much as $3 billion over the next ten years to tackle global warming. The funding for the global warming project will be given from Branson’s personal revenue from his airlines and rail company (Hellriegell & Slocume, 2011). Branson’s states: â€Å"We must not be the generation responsible for irreversibly damaging the environment† (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). In order for Branson to develop and lead a global team for global warming, he must use the core components associated with transformational leadership.According Hellriegel & Slocum (2011; p 330), â€Å"the core components are individual consideration: refer to the leaders to anticipate the followers’ needs, perform as a mentor, and listen to the followers’ needs†. Next, Branson needs to intellectually stimulate his team by encouraging them to think outside the box and to n ot be afraid to take a risk. Then there are inspirational motivations, which is a concept pertaining to leaders creating a vision for the employees to follow.Last but not least is idealized influence which refers to the leader acting in a charismatic way to uplift employees and inspire them (Kirkpartrick & Locke, 1996). Branson has stated on numerous occasions that he treats his employees like human beings, which allows him to anticipate his employees’ needs. Branson also feels that an entrepreneur will only succeed if he or she is surrounded by good people and are able to listen to their advice. Because Branson is open to advice he has innately displayed individual consideration.As a leader Branson has always provided attention to the employee’s needs for growth, encouraged individuals to embrace creativity, and placed an emphasis on innovation. Early in Branson’s career he developed a habit of actively reading emails from his employees. Once the email are read , he then responds to employees’ concerns and ideas personally. There has been instances where employees have presented innovative ideas for the company’s future that Branson has implemented, which demonstrates an intellectual stimulation outcome and encourages this behavior in the future.As I stated above, Branson has a vision that involves improving global warming. Branson’s plan to address the problem is by setting up a carbon war room to strategize reducing the carbon output of companies without damaging the company’s profitability. Setting a vision and creating a plan is a great method for providing inspirational motives for individuals. Historically, Branson is well known for his ability to inspire his team, which results in an ideal work environment. Discuss how you can incorporate some of Branson’s leadership qualities into your role at work or school.Sir Richard Branson is an extraordinary individual and worthy of businesses mimicking his leadership style. Branson’s leadership styles includes, but are not limited to: honing in on one’s ability to become a true visionary, taking risk, and providing quality. Branson states that he listens to all new ideals and proposals but ultimately makes decisions based on his intuition (Branson, 2012). One could practice becoming a visionary into their work or school environment by taking an in depth look at a new ideas or roposals and trusting their intuition. Implementing an environment for visionaries allows individuals to bring forth ideas that other individuals may have difficulty visualizing. This method also encourages individuals to speak up and voice their opinions. The next quality that a leader must possess is risk taking. It is impossible for a business to run without taking risks. â€Å"Virgin would not be the company it is today if risks had not been taken† (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011; p 344).In order for a manager to be successful there has to be some degree of risk taking and one could start by thinking out of the box (Hanna & Klein, 2011). This could take place by setting aside time for the team to meet, discuss, and implement new ideas that involve more risk. Another one of Branson’s attributes for leadership is to provide quality service to his clientele. According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson prides himself on his ability to provide quality services to consumers in areas where other companies may not.As a manager, one could raise the bar through implementing higher standards for quality service. This could, as a result, increase the clientele and loyalty to the company. References Boje, D. , & Smith, R. (2010). Re-storying and visualizing the changing entrepreneurial identities of Bill Gates and Richard Branson. Culture & Organization, 16(4), 307-331. doi:10. 1080/14759551003769250 Branson, R. (2012). Sir Audcity. Inc, 34(9), 72-73. Hanna, J. , & Klein, D. S. (2011). Sir Richard Branson: Great Brands, V irgin Brands, Branson Brands.Smart Business Orange County, 6(5), 10-11. Hellriegel, D. , & Slocum, J. W. , Jr. (2011). Organizational Behavior 13th ed. ). Mason, OH: Cengage (Learning) Kirkpatrick, S. A. , & Locke, E. A. (1996). Direct and Indirect Effects of Three Core Charismatic Leadership Components on Performance and Attitudes. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 81(1), 36-51. Sadeghi, A. , & Pihie, Z. (2012). Transformational Leadership and Its Predictive Effects on Leadership Effectiveness. International Journal Of Business & Social Science, 3(7), 186-197.